Diverse methods that have been proposed to model Rayleigh fading channels will be explored in this tutorial. Preliminary concepts related to wireless communications channel modeling are identified before introducing the models. The first model presented is the finite state Markov channel model which is based on the side information given by the received signal to noise ratio. The Markovian vali...

this paper introduces a novel approach to improve performance of speech recognition systems using a combination of features obtained from speech reconstructed phase space (rps) and frequency domain analysis. by choosing an appropriate value for the dimension, reconstructed phase space is assured to be topologically equivalent to the dynamics of the speech production system, and could therefore ...

This chapter discusses the importance of discrete choice and discrete-continuous modeling methods in the cost-benefit evaluation of transportation infrastructure improvement and other related projects. Specifically, discrete choice and discrete-continuous methods constitute the backbone of travel demand models that are used to predict travel characteristics and usage of transportation services ...

geophysical data are always affected by different sources of anomaly. these sources are classified in to three groups: first group is relatively deep sources commonly called as regional effects, second group is near surface sources or local effects and third group is high frequency noises. the only common way to separate the anomaly is separation with respect to the signal frequency. there are ...

Size-effect in concrete and other quasi-brittle materials defines the relation between nominal strength structural size when material fractures. The main cause of size-effect is so-called energetic which results from release stored energy structure into fracture front. In contrast to brittle materials, process zone non-negligible compared size. As a consequence, resulting law non-linear deviate...

This fMRI study examines the changes in participants' information processing as they repeatedly solve the same mathematical problem. We show that the majority of practice-related speedup is produced by discrete changes in cognitive processing. Because the points at which these changes take place vary from problem to problem, and the underlying information processing steps vary in duration, the ...

a discrete mibi avid lung lesion was found in cinematic views of myocardial perfusion imaging (mpi) of a 59 year-old woman. interestingly, the abnormal uptake in the lung was detectable only in the rest phase images and not in the images acquired in the stress phase. mpi was performed for pre-operation cardiac risk assessment before correction surgery for spinal canal stenosis.  she had no past...