Graphene, a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of sp 2 hybrid carbon, exhibit combination of unique characteristics such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical strength and very high specific surface area, which promises their great potential for various applications including nanoelectronics, catalysis, sensors, energy storage devices, polymer composites, lubricants a...

A comprehensive study of the various modulation techniques has been discussed which helps to increase data rate, to overcome dispersion effects and various non-linear effects in the fibre. Modulation formats such as OOK (On Off Keying), BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying), DP-QPSK (Dual Polarized Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) and duobinary are studied. The ...

We present a simple fiber-based single-arm spectral interferometer to measure directly the second-order dispersion parameter of short lengths of fiber (< 50 cm). The standard deviation of the measured dispersion on a 39.5-cm-long SMF28(TM) fiber is 1x10(-4) ps/nm, corresponding to 1% relative error, without employing any curve fitting. Our technique measures the second-order dispersion by exami...

Abstrak – The effect of dispersion of fiber on the performance of OCDMA system and to find the limitations imposed by dispersion on number of user and length of transmission. It has been observed that in the bit error rate performance curve the error is decreased when the number of subscriber is increased side by side the optical power is reduced when the users is added. This paper has presente...

Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers provide high sweep rates, broad tuning ranges, and high output powers for optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. However, presently-known FDML lasers at 1300 nm have relatively short coherence lengths, limiting the size of samples that can be imaged. Furthermore, FDML lasers produce only one useable sweep direction. We report FDML coherence length e...

The London dispersion forces, along with the Debye and Keesom forces, constitute the long-range van der Waals forces. London’s and Hamaker’s work on the point-to-point dispersion interaction and Lifshitz’s development of the continuum theory of dispersion are the foundations of our understanding of dispersion forces. Dispersion forces are present for all materials and are intrinsically related ...

We formulate and demonstrate experimentally the high-resolution spectral method based on Bloch-wave symmetry properties for extracting mode dispersion in periodic waveguides from measurements of near-field profiles. We characterize both the propagating and evanescent modes, and also determine the amplitudes of forward and backward waves in different waveguide configurations, with the estimated ...

. Abstract Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR) has been investigated for radio over fiber systems including the effects of variation in the laser linewidth and RF oscillator linewidth in this paper. Optical Single sideband signal is studied as it has tolerance for power degradation due to dispersion effects over a length of fiber. Investigations have been made out for Radio frequency of 30 GHz, with a...

We illustrate two As2S3 waveguide designs for four-wave mixing, which can generate 3.03 μm mid-infrared light from a 1.55 μm near-infrared signal source and a 2.05 μm pump source. Through simulations, we verify that four-wave mixing phase-matching efficiencies up to 100% can be achieved using dispersion engineering to maintain the dispersion at 2.05 μm near to zero. The best conversion efficien...

The role of stagnant zones in hydrodynamic dispersion is studied for creeping flow through a fixed bed of spherical permeable particles, covering several orders of characteristic time and length scales associated with fluid transport. Numerical simulations employ a hierarchical model to cope with the different temporal and spatial scales, showing good agreement with our experimental results on ...