We develop a novel optimization approach to tone. Its grammatical component consists of the similarityand proximity-based correspondence constraint framework of Agreement by Correspondence theory (ABC). Its representational component (Q theory) decomposes segments (Q) into temporally ordered, quantized subsegments (q), which comprise unitary sets of distinctive features, including tone. ABC+Q u...

I argue in this paper that vowel length plays no role in the synchronic phonology of Tigrinya: processes affecting vowels should be treated in featural terms only. The evidence in favor of synchronic vowel length is weak, and stronger evidence favors an analysis in which vowel length is phonologically irrelevant. While some researchers have made use of synchronic vowel length to account for ost...

Mind Evolution Algorithm (MEA) imitates the human mind evolution by using similartaxis and dissimilation operations, which overcomes the prematurity and improves searching efficiency. But the generation of the initial population is blind and the addition of naturally washed out temporary subpopulations is random. This paper improved MEA by introducing chaos and difference into it and proposed C...

JOHNSON, M. J. 1941 Isolation and properties of a pure yeast polypeptidase. J. Biol. Chem., 137, 575. JOHNSON, M. J. 1946 Metabolism of penicillin producing molds. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 48, 57. KOEPSELL, H. J., JOHNSON, M. J., AND MEEK, J. S. 1944 Role of phosphate in pyruvic acid dissimilation by cell-free extracts of Clostridium butylicum. J. Biol. Chem., 159, 535. SHAFFER, P. A., AND SOMOGY...