The data available to guide clinical management of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are much more limited for infants and children than for adult patients. This paper reviews the available medical data and the pertinent physiology on the management of pediatric patients with acute lung injury. With the collaboration of multicenter investigation networks, definitive ped...

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially in preterm infants. its aetiology includes developmental immaturity of the lungs, particularly of the surfactant synthesizing system. Surfactant is produced, stored and recycled by type ii pneumocytes and is detectable from about 24 weeks’ gestation. it is a mixture of phospholipids, neutral lip...

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a common denominator of acute lung injury leading to alveolar flooding, decreased lung compliance, and altered gas transport. In the absence of specific etiology and therapy, the management of ARDS remains largely supportive. Ubiquitous use of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improve...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of acute respiratory failure that is often associated with multiple organ failure. Several clinical disorders can precipitate ARDS, including pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, and major trauma. Physiologically, ARDS is characterized by increased permeability pulmonary edema, severe arterial hypoxemia, and impa...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and devastating condition which can affect all adult patients eg, medical, surgical and obstetric patients. It occurs when non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (secondary to acute damage to the alveoli) leads to acute respiratory failure. Although the terms ARDS and ALI are used interchangeably, the American-European Consensus Conference Commit...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of 9 strategies for the management of threatened preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN We derived 6 management options from the literature. These were (1) to treat all women with tocolytics and corticosteroids ("treat all"); (2) to treat all women while awaiting results of the "traditional" fetal fibronectin test results, then ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a formula could be derived using oxygen saturation (Spo2) to replace Pao2 that would allow identification of children with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Definitions of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome require arterial blood gases to determine the Pao2/Fio2 ratio of 300 (acute lung injury) and 200 (acute respirat...

OBJECTIVE Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome suffer from profound cardiac and pulmonary derangement, including right ventricular strain and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, which may potentially alter concentrations of cardiac natriuretic peptides. We sought to determine whether N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels are elevated in acute respiratory distress s...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and devastating condition which can affect all adult patients eg, medical, surgical and obstetric patients. It occurs when non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (secondary to acute damage to the alveoli) leads to acute respiratory failure. Although the terms ARDS and ALI are used interchangeably, the American-European Consensus Conference Commit...

The effects of blood purification combined with antibiotics on extravascular lung water index, inflammatory factors, and prognosis patients severe acute pancreatitis complicated respiratory distress syndrome