In this paper, we first describe the characteristics of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that are the basis of the framework of the multilateral trading system. We then provide an overview of concepts of fairness in trade agreements. Thereafter, we offer a critique of the efficiency criterion in assessing multilateral trade agreements, taking issue with T.N. Srinivasan’s (2006) analysis and t...

In this paper, we first describe the characteristics of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that are the basis of the framework of the multilateral trading system. We then provide an overview of concepts of fairness in trade agreements. Thereafter, we offer a critique of the efficiency criterion in assessing multilateral trade agreements, taking issue with T.N. Srinivasan’s (2006) analysis and t...

So far, the theory of distributive justice has tried to single out a unique criterion of justice. However, different people hold conflicting ideas about justice. We propose a procedure for representing these individual opinions by means of ``aspiration functions.'' We present three different ways of aggregating such opposing opinions into a socially acceptable judgement. Furthermore, we show th...

This thesis first critically analyzes John Rawls’s second principle of justice as a democratic conception of equality and the challenge posed to that conception by Ronald Dworkin’s ‘Equality of Resources.’ Democratic equality is defended over luck egalitarianism as an articulation of liberal egalitarianism. However, where Rawls deems social primary goods to be unconditionally regulated by insti...

This paper examines how people mobilize around notions of distributive justice, or ‘moral economies’, to make claims to resources, using the process of post-socialist land privatization in the Mekong Delta region of southern Vietnam as a case study. First, I argue that the region’s history of settlement, production and political struggle helped to entrench certain normative beliefs around lando...

This study examines three types of rewards in a retail loyalty program context (under-reward, equityreward, and over-reward) and their impact on perceived distributive justice, customer satisfaction, and repatronize intentions. The results from a between-subjects experiment showed that equity-reward produced higher levels of perceived distributive justice than both under-reward and over-reward....

Machine learning algorithms for prediction are increasingly being used in critical decisions a‚ecting human lives. Various fairness formalizations, with no €rm consensus yet, are employed to prevent such algorithms from systematically discriminating against people based on certain aŠributes protected by law. Œe aim of this article is to survey how fairness is formalized in the machine learning ...

Virtual project teams are spontaneous group configurations that endeavor to overcome spatial and temporal restrictions in bringing together distant experts to create just-in-time knowledge sharing coalitions. Due to their time-constrained nature and anonymity among members, we argue for team goal commitment as a more pertinent factor driving task performance. We then hypothesize that members’ p...