Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive, three-dimensional imaging technique capable of measuring optically opaque media. Its signal can be sensitized to many parameters (velocity, diffusion/mechanical dispersion, air-liquid boundaries, etc). It is most sensitive where the sample’s density is the highest, i.e., inside the spray nozzle and in the near-nozzle regions; these are also re...

Natural gas flow contains undesirable solid particles, liquid condensation, and/or oil droplets and requires reliable removing equipment to perform filtration. Recent natural gas processing applications are demanded compactness and reliability of process equipment. Since conventional means are sophisticated in design, poor in efficiency, and continue lacking robust, a supersonic nozzle has been...

Cryogen spray cooling is used to prevent epidermal thermal damage during port-wine stain laser therapy, despite the limited understanding of the fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and heat transfer characteristics of cryogen sprays. In recent studies, it has been suggested that the heat flux through human skin could be increased by changing physical parameters such as nozzle-to-skin distance, nozz...

Heap spraying is a security attack that increases the exploitability of memory corruption errors in type-unsafe applications. In a heap-spraying attack, an attacker coerces an application to allocate many objects containing malicious code in the heap, increasing the success rate of an exploit that jumps to a location within the heap. Because heap layout randomization necessitates new forms of a...

A model of a linear aerospike rocket nozzle that consists of coupled aerodynamic and structural analyses has been developed. A nonlinear computational fluid dynamics code is used to calculate the aerodynamic thrust, and a three-dimensional finite-element model is used to determine the structural response and weight. The model will be used to demonstrate multidisciplinary design optimization (MD...

This paper describes results of a factorial experiment on coal cutting at a traverse speed of 5 meters/min, with water jets at pressures between 500 and 2,000 atmospheres and nozzle diameters in the range from 0.5 to 1 mm. These results fill a gap in the existing results on coal cutting with water jets and form the basis for the design of a coal cutting machine. The interrelationship between pr...

A high-resolution stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to conduct three-dimensional measurement of an air jet exhausted from a lobed nozzle. The characteristics of the mixing process in the lobed jet  ow are revealed clearly and quantitatively from the stereoscopic PIV measurement results. The instantaneous velocity and streamwise vorticity distributions revealed that ...

Background: The aim was to unravel how the air-polishing behaves on a titanium surface by evaluating the size and the shape of the cleaned area, influence of the different device settings, and pocket depths and cleaning movements. Methods: 48 titanium SLA surface film-coated discs were treated with an air abrasive system using a subgingival plastic nozzle. Two subgingival models were employed: ...

We designed a specially designed coaxial spinneret in this study. The inner stainless-steel needle was connected to the inner plastic syringe just like the traditional one. The outer stainless-steel needle was replaced by a plastic nozzle, and connected to the outer plastic syringe. The tip of the inner stainless-steel needle was shortened 2 cm from the tip of the outer plastic nozzle. This str...

Article history: Received: 09.06.2015. Received in revised form: 01.10.2015. Accepted: 08.10.2015. Liquid nitrogen is expected to be used as a jet medium in petroleum engineering because of its cryogenic and non-polluting characteristics. To identify the velocity distribution characteristics of liquid nitrogen jet, a computational fluid dynamics model was built by coupling the equations for nit...