Grain boundaries in polycrystalline magnesia-doped alumina and yttrium aluminum garnet were classified as growing in area or shrinking in area on the basis of topology and curvature considerations. Measurements of dihedral angles at grain boundary thermal grooves were used to determine that the energies of the growing boundaries are, on average, lower than the energies of the shrinking boundari...

Ce(3+)-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a facile sol-gel method. Multiple characterization techniques were employed to study the structure, morphology, composition and photoluminescence properties of YAG:Ce nanophosphors. The YAG:Ce0.0055 sintered at 1030 °C exhibited a typical 5d(1)-4f(1) emission band with the maximum peak located at 525 nm...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Metastasis in retroperitoneal lymph nodes is one of the signs of advanced stage or terminal stage of malignancy. We performed a trial to assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasonography (US)-guided local neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser ablation for metastatic lymph nodes in the retroperitoneal region. METHODS We evaluated 4 cases of retroperitoneal me...

Permanent makeup is a cosmetic tattoo that is used to enhance one's appearance, and which has become more popular among middle-aged and elderly women. A couple of benefits seem to be associated with permanent tattoos in the elderly: saving time (wake up with makeup); poor eyesight (difficult to apply makeup); and saving money. On the other hand, cosmetic tattoos bear the same risks as other tat...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the deproteinizing effect of bromelain enzyme and compare it with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarized microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 extracted human upper premolars were selected to be given standardized buccal and...

Rare-earth doped low phonon glasses are attractive media for unconverted, short wavelength fiber lasers. Fluorozirconate glass (ZBLAN) is one of the most popular representatives of this type of materials. Lasing in the visible part of spectrum has been reported in various upconversion pumped RE doped ZBLAN systems [1-2], but till now generation in the ultra-violet (UV) has only been observed in...

Background: Benign pigmented lesions, including freckles, are common and various treatment modalities including lasers and peeling have been evaluated for their effectiveness in their treatment. Objective: To compare the clinical effects of focal peeling with Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA) and Nd:YAG (532 nm) laser on freckles. Methods: Twenty patients with freckles were treated with focal peeling ...

A single crystal of Nd3+-doped KGdP4O12 was successfully grown with the top-seeded solution growth and slow cooling (TSSG-SC) technique. It crystallizes in space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 7.812(2) Å, b = 12.307(3) Å, c = 10.474(2) Å, β = 110.84(3)° and Z = 4. The IR and Raman spectra also indicated that the phosphoric polyhedra of Nd:KGdP4O12 has a cyclic symmetry. The chemical compos...

Background: Bleaching is a conservative approach to improve tooth colour. Laser irradiation accelerates the process by activating the hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching agent. However, there is little data examining whether this might result in pulp injury by enhancing HP penetration and diffusion. This study measured HP penetration into the pulp chamber with different bleaching techniques. Metho...

The erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser has emerged as a possible alternative to conventional methods of bone ablation because of its wavelength of 2.94 μm, which coincides with the absorption peak of water. Over the last decades in several experimental and clinical studies, the widespread initial assumption that light amplification for stimulated emission of radiation (laser) ...