Injuries to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) are very common and there seems to be a consensus supporting the conservative management of grade I and II tears. Grade III tears are also usually treated conservatively unless associated with injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament or posterior cruciate ligament. This article outlines rehabilitation programs for conservative treatment of MCL ...

We compared the ability of three different posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstructions to restore normal anteroposterior laxity to the knee from 0 to 130 degrees of knee flexion. Cadaver knees were tested intact, after PCL rupture or after bone-patellar tendon-bone grafting. Grafts were performed isometrically or with a single bundle representing the anatomical anterior PCL fibre bulk (aP...

The aim of this analysis was to compare the functional outcomes, knee stability, and complications of patients after the arthroscopic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with those of singlebundle ACL reconstruction. An electronic search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was performed. The analyzed outcomes were Lysholm scores, Tegner scores, subject...

Introduction Old neglected posterior type of elbow dislocations is not very common and generally requires open reduction. It was usually treated with open reduction and K-wire stabilization. We did a newer method in which in addition cruciate type ligament reconstruction; we have reconstructed lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) and UCL (medial collateral ligament) using semitendinosus gra...

Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the transtibial technique provides successful clinical outcomes. However, a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft with the transtibial technique has not been used by some surgeons because of concerns with graft passage from the tibial to the femoral tunnels (sharp turn) that can damage graft fibers. In the present surgical technique, an arthr...

Successful posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction is challenging because of the complex structures and difficult reconstruction techniques that are required. The reported results have been inconsistent. Variables that affect the results of surgery to restore PCL function include combined associated ligaments injury, difficulty to duplicate PCL anatomy, wide variation in broad femoral ...

Appropriate tension of the posterior cruciate ligament, which often is tight in deep flexion, is difficult to achieve after posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee arthroplasty. Kinematics and maximum flexion after partial release of the posterior cruciate ligament were evaluated in this study. A partial release improved the maximum flexion angle and maintained anteroposterior stabilit...