This paper addresses the problem of restoration and enhancement of very old single-sided document images. At first step, a degradation model is developed for the generation of synthesized degraded document images in both double-sided and single-sided formats. Then, we propose a novel method, which is based on the anisotropic diffusion method (ADM), for restoration of the degradations in single-...

in the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (pmlsm), force ripple is harmful, useless and disturbing. the force ripple is basically composed of two components: detent force and mutual force ripple. this force is influenced by the geometric parameters of the permanent magnet (pm) motors; such as width, thickness and length of the magnet poles, length and thickness of the rotor and stator, a...

A metric with signature (-+++) can be constructed from a metric with signature (++++) and a double-sided vector field called the line element field. Some of the classical and quantum properties of this vector field are studied.

1976 double-sided detector modules are needed to equip the endcaps of the silicon microstrip tracker SCT of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. This paper describes their design and presents results from a series of prototype

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate meiotic recombination. The DSB repair model predicts that both genetic markers spanning the DSB should be included in heteroduplex DNA and be detectable as non-Mendelian segregations (NMS). In experiments testing this, a significant fraction of events do not conform to this prediction, as only one of the markers displays NMS (one-sided events). Two explanati...