In this work we present two approaches to improve the “Collision Avoidance” mechanism of the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. Our first approach : the “Uniform Law with Doubling Interval CSMA/CA (ULDI_CSMA/CA)” uses a uniform law in an interval of values I=[a, b] to calculate the random starting time when stations wish to send data. In addition to that,...

We have studied different single and fractionated illumination schemes after systemic administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to Improve the response of nodular tumors to ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy. Tumors transplanted on the thigh of female WAG/Rij rats were transdermally illuminated with red light (633 nm) after systemic ALA administration (200 mg/kg). The effectiveness of each t...

Given a metric space (X, dX), the earth mover distance between two distributions over X is defined as the minimum cost of a bipartite matching between the two distributions. The doubling dimension of a metric (X, dX) is the smallest value α such that every ball in X can be covered by 2 ball of half the radius. A metric (or a sequence of metrics) is called doubling precisely if its doubling dime...

We prospectively studied 98 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients after bone marrow transplantation by competitive polymerase chain reaction to detect and quantify leukemia-specific BCR-ABL mRNA. Of 69 patients who had persistently undetectable, decreasing, or low BCR-ABL levels ( < 50 transcripts/microgram RNA) on sequential analysis, one (1%) subsequently relapsed. Of 29 patients who had in...

This study investigates health concerns and access to health services for Roma from Romania who live in homelessness in Copenhagen, Denmark. They collect refundable bottles and call themselves “badocari,” which in Romanian refers to “people who work with bottles.” Homeless Roma in Denmark have not previously been studied through ethnographic research. The study stresses the importance of a synd...

It is shown that next-nearest-neighbor interactions may lead to unusual paramagnetic or ferromagnetic phases which physical content is radically different from the standard phases. Actually there are several particles described by the same quantum field in a manner similar to the species doubling of the lattice fermions. We prove the renormalizability of the theory at the one loop level.

Growth of Bacillus licheniformis in a chemically defined medium containing glucose and ammonium chloride yielded a doubling time of 1.00 h. Examination of the culture during exponential growth revealed a lack of heat-resistant spores together with a complete absence of detectable concentrations of bacitracin or extracellular serine protease. Replacement of glucose as the sole carbon source by g...

The mean size of exponentially dividing Escherichia coli cells in different nutrient conditions is known to depend on the mean growth rate only. However, the joint fluctuations relating cell size, doubling time, and individual growth rate are only starting to be characterized. Recent studies in bacteria reported a universal trend where the spread in both size and doubling times is a linear func...

We show that the string bit model suffers from doubling in the fermionic sector. The doubling leads to strong violation of supersymmetry in the limit N → ∞. Since there is an exact correspondence between string bits and the algebra of BMN operators even at finite N , doubling is expected also on the side of super-Yang–Mills theory. We discuss the origin of the doubling in the BMN sector.

Although B0 = 1.5T remains the predominant field strength for clinical MRI, 3.0T magnets are making substantial inroads into routine practice. The move to 3.0T is driven mainly by its approximate doubling of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to 1.5T. The improved SNR can be used to shorten the acquisition time, to improve spatial resolution at a fixed scan time, or a combination of the t...