For tissue engineering applications, scaffolds should be porous to enable rapid nutrient and oxygen transfer while providing a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for the encapsulated cells. This dual characteristic can be achieved by fabrication of porous hydrogels that contain encapsulated cells. In this work, we developed a simple method that allows cell encapsulation and pore generation...

Large amounts of hydrocarbon reserves are trapped in naturally fractured reservoirs which arechallenging in terms of accurate recovery prediction because of their joint fabric complexity andlithological heterogeneity. Canada, for example, has over 400 billion barrels of crude oil in fracturedcarbonates in Alberta, most of this being bitumen of viscosity greater than 106 cP in the GrosmontFormat...

Porosity, permeability, and wettability are crucial factors that affect the oil–water displacement process in reservoirs. Under subsurface conditions, integral effects of these extremely difficult to document. In this paper, waterflooding experiments were carried out using a core flooding system monitored with X-ray dual-energy CT. The mesoscale, three-dimensional characteristics water displaci...

Due to its popularity and high crack sensitivity, 6061 aluminum alloy was selected as a test material for the newly developed double-sided arc welding (DSAW) process. The microstructure, crack sensitivity, and porosity of DSAW weldments were studied systematically. The percentage of fine equiaxed grains in the fully penetrated welds is greatly increased. Residual stresses are reduced. Porosity ...

The residual porosity is an unavoidable phenomenon of the components produced by powder metallurgy process which in turn largely affects the strength property of the same. Now a day it is possible to control porosity of powder metallurgy components and retain them to desired amount when required. The porosity of a powder metallurgy component is greatly depends on the sintering temperature. In t...

The main aim of this survey paper is to give basic information about properties and applications of σ-porous sets in Banach spaces (and some other infinite-dimensional spaces). This paper can be considered a partial continuation of the author’s 1987 survey on porosity and σ-porosity and therefore only some results, remarks, and references (important for infinite-dimensional spaces) are repeated...

The effects of a porous fence with a nonuniform porosity on flow fields are investigated numerically. First, an experiment with a non-uniform porous fence located in a wind tunnel is performed to obtain a reference data set. Then, a numerical model that utilizes the finite volume schemewith a weakly compressible-flowmethod to solve the continuity and momentum equations is developed. The numeric...

in this note we consider the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and obtain related results. then we classify this notion according to level sets. after that we determine the relationships between intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) hyper k-ideals. finally, we define the notion of the product of two intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) du...

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