H9 influenza viruses have become endemic in land-based domestic poultry in Asia and have sporadically crossed to pigs and humans. To understand the molecular determinants of their adaptation to land-based birds, we tested the replication and transmission of several 1970s duck H9 viruses in chickens and quail. Quail were more susceptible than chickens to these viruses, and generation of recombin...

Nephritis in rats was induced by intravenous injection of purified ferritin-conjugated rabbit and duck nephrotoxic globulin. Using the fluorescent antibody technique, the same capillary pattern was found as that in glomeruli of rats receiving uncoupled nephrotoxic globulin. Electron microscopy revealed a heavy accumulation of the basement membrane-fixed antibody almost exclusively at the endoth...

Cell-associated preparations of several isolates of Marek's disease virus produced more pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs than plaques in duck embryo fibroblasts, thus indicating that lesion response in eggs was more sensitive than cytopathic response in duck embryo fibroblasts for assaying low-passage Marek's disease virus. Adaptation of the virus to cell cultur...

The 667 bp control region of mitochondrial DNA from 8 representative domestic duck breeds in China, which were all native preserved duck breeds, and a mallard (6 Anas zonorhyncha individuals) were sequenced. The genetic polymorphism and the origin of the 8 domestic ducks were analysed. The result showed that the haplotype diversity (Hd) and average nucleotide diversity (Pi) were 0.67136 and 0.1...

Duck hepatitis virus types 1 (DHV-1) JX strain was isolated from infected ducklings with clinical symptoms from Hubei province of China. These isolated strains showed high pathogenicity to both duck embryo and duckling in Duck embryo neutralization assay and animal infection experiment. The complete genome of JX strain was sequenced. Comparative genome analysis with other available strains in G...

Double-stranded RNA segments present in duck globin pre-mRNA were crosslinked in situ with aminomethyltrioxalen and UV light. The secondary structure of the crosslinked pre-mRNA was then studied by electron-microscopic analysis of pre-mRNA . cDNA hybrids. The data suggest that duck globin pre-mRNAs contain intervening sequences that are excised stepwise. Excision and subsequent ligation appears...

The background of this research is the phenomenon villages that fail in branding and developing a positive image causes marginalisation stigma. two locations are Sumberglagah ‘Leprosy Village’ Tangjungkenongo ‘Duck Modopuro. This study intended to answer questions: how does it apply place concept village scope? And more specifically, do elites respond these stigmas discriminatory treatment vill...

UNLABELLED Skeletal muscle, at 30 to 40% of body mass, is the most abundant soft tissue in the body. Besides its primary function in movement and posture, skeletal muscle is a significant innate immune organ with the capacity to produce cytokines and chemokines and respond to proinflammatory cytokines. Little is known about the role of skeletal muscle during systemic influenza A virus infection...