Glass mosaic decorations were used throughout the medieval Mediterranean as a powerful medium to convey religious and political agendas, yet we know next nothing about source of materials transmission necessary technical know-how. Mosaics are generally considered Byzantine art form, not least due their prominence in church architecture because Islamic textual sources assert that glass tesserae ...

shari'atnameh writing as a prescription in political jurisprudence has been of particular importance in islamic political thought. this paper tries to focus on thought of fadhlollah ibn ruzbahan khonji, the last shari'atnameh writer in middle ages in the era consolidation of power of shiite government, shah ismail i, safavid king and the decline of the caliphate. the paper tries to an...

Islam is a universal religion and it influenced all over the world with its dispensation. After migration from Makkah to Madinah, Holy prophet PBUH constituted new welfare state. In 8th Hijri after conquest of became dominant in Arabia. It provided great power Muslims challenged strong powerful state Iran Rome. Especially, during pious caliphate 632-661 A.D spread rapidly had become nation worl...