We investigated the relationship between plasma and yolk oestrogens in laying female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) by manipulating plasma oestradiol (E2) levels, via injection of oestradiol-17beta, in a sequence-specific manner to maintain chronically high plasma levels for later-developing eggs (contrasting with the endogenous pattern of decreasing plasma E2 concentrations during laying)...

The human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) comprises four multidomain components, E1, E3, E2 and an E3-binding protein (E3BP), the latter two forming the core as E2·E3BP sub-complex. Pyruvate flux through PDC is regulated via phosphorylation (inactivation) at E1 by four PDC kinases (PDKs), and reactivation by two PDC phosphatases. Up-regulation of PDK isoform gene expression is reported in ...

Tovar, Kenneth R., Kathleen Sprouffske, and Gary L. Westbrook. Fast NMDA receptor–mediated synaptic currents in neurons from mice lacking the e2 (NR2B) subunit. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 616–620, 2000. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been implicated in the formation of synaptic connections. To investigate the role of the e2 (NR2B) NMDA receptor subunit, which is prominently expressed du...

The E2 protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) binds to specific sites in the viral genome to regulate its transcription, replication, and maintenance in infected cells. Like most regulatory proteins, E2 is rapidly turned over. A high-throughput assay was developed to quantify the expression and stability of E2 in vivo, based on its fusion to Renilla luciferase (RLuc). The steady-state levels of ...

The human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a multifunctional protein essential for the control of virus gene expression, genome replication and persistence. E2 is expressed throughout the differentiation-dependent virus life cycle and is functionally regulated by association with multiple viral and cellular proteins. Here, we show for the first time to our knowledge that HPV16 E2 directly ass...

Premenopausal women are at highest risk for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma, implicating a role for estrogens in thyroid cancer. The expression of estrogen receptors · and ß (ER), the effects of estradiol (E2), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) 4-hydroxytamoxifen and raloxifene, and ER subtype selective agonists were examined in NPA87 and KAT5 papillary and WRO follicula...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a species-specific pathogenic virus that infects only humans and chimpanzees. Previous studies have indicated that interactions between the HCV E2 protein and CD81 on host cells are required for HCV infection. To determine the crucial factors for species-specific interactions at the molecular level, this study employed in silico molecular docking involving molecular d...

The mu-opioid agonist DAMGO (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol) hyperpolarizes the majority of arcuate hypothalamic (ARC) neurons by opening an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance. The EC50 for the DAMGO-induced hyperpolarization was 60 +/- 3 nM in ARC neurons from ovariectomized guinea pigs. Superfusion of 17 beta-estradiol (E2; 100 nM) for 20 min in vitro resulted in a significant decrease in ...

The importance of estrogens in the etiology of breast cancer is widely recognized. Estrogen-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in this carcinogenic process. Resveratrol (Res), a natural antioxidant phytoestrogen has chemopreventive effects against a variety of illnesses including cancer. The objective of the present study was to characterize the mechanism(s) of Res-mediated protection...

this study was investigated the effects of dietary estradiol-17? (e2) on growth, body composition and blood indices in acipenser stellatus. fish (40.9 ? 1.1 g average initial weight; n = 60 per group) were fed with three different diets containing 0 (control), 25 and 50 mg kg-1 dietary estradiol contents to apparent satiation for seven months. the results suggested that growth rate were decreas...