This paper examines the pros and cons of the recent proposal that Argentina should adopt the US dollar as its official currency, rather than have a currency board system in which the units of domestic currency issued are backed “one-to-one” by dollar reserves. The motivation for adopting the dollar seems to be that it could guarantee credibility in monetary policy and eliminate the risk premium...

(2)H quadrupolar line shapes deliver rich information about protein dynamics. A newly designed 3D (2)H-(13)C-(13)C solid-state NMR magic angle spinning (MAS) experiment is presented and demonstrated on the microcrystalline β1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G (GB1). The implementation of (2)H-(13)C adiabatic rotor-echo-short-pulse-irradiation cross-polarization (RESPIRATION CP) ensures...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent lipid mediator that has been implicated in the migration of lymphocytes and endothelial cells through S1P receptors. S1PR1 is strongly expressed in angiosarcoma, a malignant tumor of endothelial cell origin that has a high propensity for metastasis and poor prognosis; however, the pathological significance of S1PR1 expression is not clear. In this study...

This paper considers whether or not the Bitcoin stably stay in the market as a method of payment using a dual-currency money-search model. In the model, there are traditional money and Bitcoin. The two currencies are classi…ed by the storage cost and the probability that sellers accept particular money for payments. Agents are randomly matched for transactions. To consider substitution e¤ect be...

Recently the world economy was confronted to the worst financial crisis since the great depression. This unprecedented crisis started in mid-2007 had a huge impact on the European government bond market. But, what are the main drivers of this “perfect storm” that since 2009 affects EU government bond market as well? To answer this question, we propose an empirical study of the determinants of t...

This paper investigates the interplay between monetary aggregates and the dynamics and variability of output and prices by considering both the money supplied by commercial banks as credit to firms and the fiat money created by the central bank through the quantitative easing monetary policy. The authors address this problem by means of an agentbased model and simulator, called Eurace, which is...

Dominant mutations of GJB2-encoding connexin-26 (Cx26) have pleiotropic effects, causing either hearing impairment (HI) alone or in association with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK/HI). We examined a British family with the latter phenotype and identified a new dominant GJB2 mutation predicted to eliminate the amino acid residue E42 (DeltaE42) in Cx26. To dissect the pathomechanisms that result i...

The author of this article draws special attention to two particular claims the free bankers concerning supposed working characteristics a fractional-reserve banking system which may strike reader as questionable. first these relates alleged absence real-balance effect under banking. second bankers’ reference Walras’ Law providing rationale for system’s «offsetting» actions when confronted with...

Since a few decades several sub-disciplines within economics have witnessed reorientation towards institutional analysis. This development has in particular also affected the fields of macroeconomics and monetary theory where it led to proposals for far-reaching financial reform. One more successful these advocates fractional-reserve free banking system, that is, system with no central bank, bu...