We compared post-agricultural succession across the range of farming activities practiced in Guatemala’s northern lowlands: agroforestry, swidden, ranching, and input-intensive monocultures. At 10 sites over 13 to 40 months we assessed the following characteristics of trees and shrubs that were 1 cm diameter at breast height: height, basal-area accumulation, recruitment of all individuals and f...

Japanese black bears often break branches when climbing trees and feeding on fruit in canopies, thereby creating small canopy gaps. However, the role of black bear-created canopy gaps has not been evaluated in the context of multiple forest dynamics. Our hypothesis was that small canopy gaps created by black bears improve light conditions, which facilitates fruiting of adult fleshy-fruited plan...

We studied a community of frugivorous Lepidoptera in the lowland rainforest of Papua New Guinea. Rearing revealed 122 species represented by 1,720 individuals from 326 woody plant species. Only fruits from 52% (171) of the plant species sampled were attacked. On average, Lepidoptera were reared from 1 in 89 fruits and a kilogram of fruit was attacked by 1.01 individuals. Host specificity of Lep...

Coralline algae are susceptible to the changes in the seawater carbonate system associated with ocean acidification (OA). However, the coastal environments in which corallines grow are subject to large daily pH fluctuations which may affect their responses to OA. Here, we followed the growth and development of the juvenile coralline alga Arthrocardia corymbosa, which had recruited into experime...

Besides an essential source of energy, light provides environmental information to plants. Photosensory pathways are thought to have occurred early in plant evolution, probably at the time of the Archaeplastida ancestor, or perhaps even earlier. Manipulation of individual components of light perception and signaling networks in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) affects the metabolism of ripening fr...

A community of frugivorous weevils was studied by quantitative rearing of 57 weevil species represented by 10 485 individuals from 326 woody plant species in lowland rain forest in Papua New Guinea. Only fruits from 35% of plant species were attacked by weevils. On average, weevils were reared from only 1 in 33 fruits and 1 kg of fruit was attacked by 2.51 individuals. Weevil host specificity w...

Figure 1. A, Hematoxylin-eosin stain of a skin wedge biopsy specimen obtained from the patient (original magnification, ϫ40) showing pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia and granulomas involving the skin and cartilage. B, Hematoxylin-eosin stain of the skin wedge biopsy specimen (original magnification, ϫ400) showing a noncaseating granuloma. C and D, Photographs of the patient's ear, which demon...