We investigated whether the recent worldwide epidemics of wheat yellow rust were driven by races of few clonal lineage(s) or populations of divergent races. Race phenotyping of 887 genetically diverse Puccinia striiformis isolates sampled in 35 countries during 2009-2015 revealed that these epidemics were often driven by races from few but highly divergent genetic lineages. PstS1 was predominan...

Intestinal Schistosomiasis is a serious disease and is commonly produced by S. mansoni and japonicum. The presence of viable ova of the organism in the colon elicits inflammation, formation of granuloma, ulcers, haemorrhage and colonic fibrosis with subsequent longterm sequelae. Schistosoma mansoni is endemic in the Middle East, Africa, Central and South America. This is a case of a Nigerian wi...

Madagascar is a large island, some 1600 km in length (north to south) and 587,000 square kilometres in area. The island lies around 300 km off Mozambique (south-east Africa) in the Indian Ocean. Topography consists of a central mountainous region with an average altitude of 2000 m, which covers around two thirds of the island. The highest point is Maromokotro (2876 m). The uplands are surrounde...

We used ecologic niche modeling of outbreaks and sporadic cases of filovirus-associated hemorrhagic fever (HF) to provide a large-scale perspective on the geographic and ecologic distributions of Ebola and Marburg viruses. We predicted that filovirus would occur across the Afrotropics: Ebola HF in the humid rain forests of central and western Africa, and Marburg HF in the drier and more open ar...

Background: Ischemic Heart Disease has been increasing in the Middle East and North Africa. Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor of IHD and play an important role in the epidemic of IHD. Hypertension is responsible for about 45% of IHD mortality and affects more than one billion people around the world. Objective: This study aims to quantify the population attributable fraction...

This study looked at the link connecting growth of economy and health spending in Central Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. To assess short long-term effects total per capita expenditure on across African areas (East Africa Africa), panel data analysis was employed. In short-term, per-capita (THE_PC) has an upbeat outcome economic (LGDP_PC) all levels significance. long-term, current per-capital (CHE...

Kröpelin et al. (Research Articles, 9 May 2008, p. 765) interpreted a sediment record from Lake Yoa in the east-central part of North Africa as support for a weak biogeophysical climate-vegetation feedback in the Sahara during the mid-Holocene. We argue that the new data do not invalidate earlier modeling results on strong land-atmosphere coupling in the Western Sahara for which the Lake Yoa re...