The aim of this study was to explore possible effects of emotional symptoms (depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms) and life stress on eating behaviors (restrained, emotional and external eating behaviors) among junior and high school students in China. A total of 5473 students in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province were sampled to participate in this survey based on a clustering sampling approach. The...

Background: Although pedestrian-vehicle accidents are often the results of risky behaviors during road crossings, there is limited evidence concerning the risky road crossing behaviors of pedestrians. This study was aimed at eliciting and exploring the reasons that can help explain why young pedestrians take risky road crossing behaviors. Methods: A qualitative content analysis approach was con...

Group-based competition is considered to be a ubiquitous social context in human society. However, little is known about its potential effects on children's prosocial behaviors. To this end, we designed an experiment in which two age groups (2.5-3.5 years of age and 5.5-6.5 years of age) engaged in an intergroup competition task where they did a so-called "game" where each child transferred tab...

Parenting is increasingly recognized as an upstream, near-universal determinant of social, economic, and health outcomes. Pediatricians know that effective parenting can buffer many adverse childhood events, thereby decreasing toxic stress and improving health. Unlike many other determinants of health, parenting behaviors are modifiable. The upstream and modifiable nature of parenting combine t...

Poverty remains one of the most pressing problems facing the world. In this paper, I review evidence suggesting that poverty has particular neurobiological consequences, and that these consequences in turn lead to suboptimal economic behaviors which exacerbate and perpetuate poverty. Speci cally, I argue that poverty raises levels of the stress hormone cortisol, causes dysregulation and altered...

1092-5171/02/2901-0068 ABSTRACT: Counseling older clients and their caregivers poses some unique challenges for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. This article provides basic guidelines for improving counseling exchanges with older adults. Clinicians are asked to consider the effects of physical and cognitive aging, social and economic influences, and clinician behaviors, experience...

Background: Chronic kidney disease as a major health problem can create physical, psychological, economic, and social problems for patients and generally affect their quality of life. However, health beliefs and behaviors of these patients can affect their health condition too. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the quality of life and health locus of control be...

This paper examines the influence of business cycles in childhood on economic performance later in life. I relate unemployment rates between the year before one’s birth and the year of one’s fifteenth birthday to schooling, employment, and income as an adult. The analysis exploits variation in macroeconomic conditions across states over time. I address a number of identification challenges rela...