The socio economic condition of the slum dwellers is generally poor because of the lack of basic social amenities; functional skills, proper education, source of the income, hygiene and health resources. However, slum dwellers directly or indirectly play an important role in nation building. With this point of view the study of slum dwellers becomes important. This paper attempts to demonstrate...

Socio-economic conditions during early life are known to affect later life outcomes such as health or social success. We investigated whether family socio-economic background may also affect facial attractiveness. We used the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n = 8434) to analyze the association between an individual's parental socio-economic background (in terms of father's highest education and p...

People in violent neighbourhoods attribute violence in public spaces to, especially, poverty and unemployment, but agree that social disintegration, disrespect, drinking and drugs and the weaknesses of the criminal justice system also contribute substantially. However, data from a panel of young men in Cape Town provide little support for the hypothesis that unemployment and poverty are direct ...

This paper investigates the relationship between the business cycle, the election cycle, and the timing and magnitude of foreign conflict. We propose a theoretical model which suggests that in the presence of a reelection motive, the frequency of war will be greater following recessions than otherwise. However, if partially benevolent leaders can influence the size of conflicts, then the conseq...

Socioeconomic conditions during infancy and early-childhood years may affect mortality later in life. It is well documented that poor living conditions early in life are associated with susceptibility to a wide range of health problems later in life (see, e.g., Anne Case et al., 2005, and references therein). In bad times, the provision of sufficient nutrients and good living conditions for chi...

In this paper, I examine the importance of declining economic conditions in school attendance decisions for households with teenagers aged 12–17 in Costa Rica. I estimate a reduced-form model for school attendance that includes variables to measure household labor market integration, other household factors, teenager characteristics, regional effects and year effects. The year effects — to meas...

Rising rates of nonmarital childbirth in the United States have resulted in a new family type, the fragile family. Such families, which include cohabiting couples as well as single mothers, experience significantly higher rates of poverty and material hardship than their married counterparts. Ariel Kalil and Rebecca Ryan summarize the economic challenges facing mothers in fragile families and d...

This paper considers the relationship between economic conditions and health with a focus on different approaches to geographic aggregation. After reviewing the tradeoffs associated with more- and less-disaggregated analyses, I update earlier state-level analyses of mortality and infant health and then consider how the estimated effects vary when the analysis is conducted at differing levels of...

Improving quality of life in the slum is one of the development goals for new millennium. The existence of slums is essentially a manifestation of poverty, along with the economic and industrial development-slums will continue to exist and grow further. The experience of Kerala shows that the condition of the people can be improved even at low levels of economic development through appropriate ...

BACKGROUND Twenty-five years ago, China introduced sweeping reforms in the structure of its rural economy, family planning program, and financial accountability within enterprises and service sector organizations. A rapid rise in economic productivity has resulted in continuing increases in income and changes to the traditional Chinese diet. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine how t...