There are two principal theories of why countries or regions trade: comparative advantage and increasing returns to scale. Yet there is virtually no empirical work that assesses the relative importance of these two theories in accounting for production structure and trade. We use a framework that nests an increasing returns model of economic geography featuring ‘home market effects’ with that o...

in the family, women can benefit from the newest information and knowledge on various life subjects and use them to train other members of the family; they can also use the knowledge to replce new and optimal beliefs with the false ones thereby oncreasing the soci-cultural level of the family more than before. in this study, family economic efficiency including women's participation in hou...

Economist Anthony Brewer throws down the gauntlet to those who esteem the economic contributions of Karl Marx, arguing in a 1995 article in History of Political Economy that the mainstream’s evident neglect of these contributions is amply justified by the fact that there was nothing of lasting value in Marx’s political economic writing, or at least in the portion thereof that was widely availab...

The social sciences have traditionally been quite week in terms of formulating scientific cause-and-effect theories that would be useful for making predictions. In recent years, however, a number of theories with predictive potential have come up. The article applies a number of such theories from diverse areas including economics, history, systems theory and evolutionary psychology in an attem...

National surveys reveal notable individual differences in U.S. citizens' attitudes toward freedom of expression, including freedom of the press and speech. Recent theoretical developments and empirical findings suggest that ecological factors impact censorship attitudes in addition to individual difference variables (e.g., education, conservatism), but no research has compared the explanatory p...

his chapter is about material transfers among adult family generations. They occur either as inter vivos gifts or as bequests. These two types have often been analyzed separately despite good reasons to treat them together. The description and explanation of such transfers has been the subject of a broad range of theoretical approaches, including sociological theories of the social antecedents ...

 The purpose of this study is to identify spouse selection criteria among Islamic Azad university students in Malayer.The research was based on survey method and a questionnaire is used to collect data. The sample size was 365 participants who selected based on classified sampling. The data was analyzed using statistical analysis. Also sociological theories including theories of marriage used t...

I organize this review and assessment of the literature on the causes of war around a levels-of-analysis framework and focus primarily on balance of power theories, power transition theories, the relationship between economic interdependence and war, diversionary theories of conflict, domestic coalitional theories, and the nature of decision-making under risk and uncertainty. I analyze several ...