In this paper we present a combinatorial optimisation view on the routing problem for connectionless packet networks by using the metaphor of a landscape. We examine the main properties of the routing landscapes as we define them and how they can help us on the evaluation of the problem difficulty and the generation of effective algorithms. We also present the random walk statistical technique ...

while the application of optical and photonic technologies in the communications, computing, medicine and industrial manufacturing has been growing rapidly, the miniaturization of these technologies has been slow due to the limitation on the diffraction. however, the developments of nanoscale components and guiding methods are continuing with a rapid pace. since waveguiding is a fundamental iss...

study the performance of nurses communication with patients in special education and non- teaching hospital, urmia     hemmati maslakpak m [1] * , sheikhbaklu m [2] , baghaei r [3] , sheikhi n [4]     received: 21 dec, 2011 accepted: 4 feb, 2012     abstract   background & aims : acceptable communication performance is essential for safe, effective, and suitable care . proper communication is e...

the aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between effective relations of spouses, and mother–child relations emphasizing the meditational role of attachment style, personality traits, communication skills and sexual satisfaction. accordingly, 260 individuals including mothers and their children were randomly selected, and assessed by a package of questionnaires, includ...