Despite high predation pressure, planktonic copepods remain one of the most abundant groups on the planet. Their escape response provides one of most effective mechanisms to maximize evolutionary fitness. Owing to their small size (100 µm) compared with their predators (>1 mm), increasing viscosity is believed to have detrimental effects on copepods' fitness at lower temperature. Using high-spe...

The importance of viscosity in determining plasma flow structures has been widely recognized. In laboratory plasmas, however, viscosity measurements have been seldom performed so far. In this paper we present and discuss an estimation method of effective plasma kinematic viscosity utilizing flow velocity field measurements. Imposing steady and axisymmetric conditions, we derive the expression f...

The viscosities of eight melt compositions in the System albite-H20-F20_1 have been determined at high pressure and temperature. Measurements were performed using the falling sphere method at 1000-1600°C and 2.5 to 22.5 kbar. Fluorine and water strongly decrease the viscosity of albite melt at all pressures and temperatures investigated. The viscosity of a fluorine-bearing albitic melt decrease...

In many practical flow situations solutions of flexible polymers are found to exhibit a well-known non-Newtonian viscosity enhancement effect. This is likely to be due to extensional components in the flow field, which can cause flexible polymer molecules to stretch and orientate, causing an increase in the extensional viscosity. This viscosity enhancement is important in many industrial applic...

We compute the first bulk viscosity of cold CFL quark matter in the temperature regime where the contribution of mesons, quarks and gluons to transport phenomena is Boltzmann suppressed. In that regime dissipation occurs due to collisions of superfluid phonons, the Goldstone modes associated to the spontaneous breaking of baryon symmetry. We first review the hydrodynamics of relativistic superf...

Therapeutic protein solutions for subcutaneous injection must be very highly concentrated, which increases their viscosity through protein-protein interactions. However, maintaining a solution viscosity below 50 cP is important for the preparation and injection of therapeutic protein solutions. In this study, we examined the effect of various amino acids on the solution viscosity of very highly...

Gaining knowledge on the stability and viscosity of concentrated therapeutic protein solutions is of great relevance to the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, we borrow key concepts from colloid science to rationalize the impact of aggregate formation on the changes in viscosity of a concentrated monoclonal antibody solution. In particular, we monitor the kinetics of aggregate growth under ...

In recent years, there has been a significant effort to extract the temperature-dependent shear ($\eta/s$) and bulk ($\zeta/s$) viscosity over entropy ratios of quark-gluon plasma from global comparison heavy-ion data with results hydrodynamic simulations. However, anisotropic flow, which is arguably most sensitive probe viscosity, only an {\it effective\/} ratio, obtained by taking weighted av...

We re-examine the Boussinesq hypothesis of an effective turbulent viscosity within the context of simple closure considerations for models of strong magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Reynolds-stress and turbulent Maxwell-stress closure models will necessarily introduce a suite of transport coefficients, all of which are to some degree model-dependent. One of the most important coefficients is the...

Marijuana is one of the most commonly used illicit substances, resulting in it being frequently encountered in clinical samples. The most common sample utilized for drug screening and confirmation in the clinical laboratory is urine. Due to the nature of urine and the various constituents residing in it, sample clean-up can be important. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) is an effective method for s...