The efficacy of composite materials for bone tissue engineering is dependent on the materials' ability to support bone regeneration whilst inducing a minimal inflammatory response. In this study we examined the in vitro osteogenic and inflammatory properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) (PHBV) with various calcium phosphate-reinforcing phases: nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA); submicr...

1 I n t r o d u c t i o n The floating-point division flaw [SB94, Coe95] in Intel Corp.'s Pentium underscores howhard the task of verifying a floating-point arithmetic unit is, and how high the cost of a floating-point arithmetic bug can be. About one trillion test vectors were used and none uncovered the bug. The recall and replacement of the chips in the field cost Intel $470 million. Since t...

OBJECTIVES From the ancient era, emergence of Agriculture in the connecting region of Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau at the foothills of the Zagros Mountains, made Iranian gene pool as an important source of populating the region. It has differentiated the population spread and different language groups. In order to trace the maternal genetic affinity between Iranians and other populations...

Granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140) is an inducible receptor for myeloid leukocytes on activated platelets and endothelium. Like other selectins, GMP-140 recognizes specific oligosaccharide ligands. However, prior data on the nature of these ligands are contradictory. We investigated the structural features required for ligand interaction with GMP-140 using purified GMP-140, cells naturally ...

The selectins (lectin-EGF-complement binding-cell adhesion molecules [LEC-CAMs]) are a family of mammalian receptors implicated in the initial interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelia, leading to lymphocyte homing, platelet binding, and neutrophil extravasation. The three known selectins, L-selectin (leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 [LECAM-1]), E-selectin (endothelial-leukocyte adhe...

While beef production continues to be the largest agricultural enterprise in the U.S. (20.5% of total farm cash receipts in 2006; ERS, 2008), rising feed costs, global competition, and societal concerns about food safety, energy policy and the environment have created new economic challenges for the industry. Productivity of the U.S. cattle industry has improved substantially over the last 50 y...

OBJECTIVE Blood levels of cytokines are commonly elevated in severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and in coronary artery disease (CAD). While the adverse effects of cytokines on contractile function and myocardial cell integrity are well studied, little is known on whether cardiac cells are only targets or active players in these inflammatory reactions. METHODS AND RESULTS We tested if human...

The acute inflammatory response requires that circulating leukocytes adhere to, and then migrate through, the vascular wall at the site of injury or infection. Several receptors have been implicated in this adhesion and migration process, including the selectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins. The ligand for one of these proteins, E-selectin (LECAM-2, ELAM-1) has been described by s...