The lordship of the Beccaria, a branch great family from Pavia, on Arena Po, was established at end thirteenth century, taking advantage both financial difficulties small municipality and power in Pavia. It meant to last for centuries. Managed consortium form by various Beccaria exponents, it encountered also relation political events duchy. Various documents are examined investigate nature, mo...

Abstract This article charts the long-term development of seigneurial governance within principality Guelders in Low Countries. Proceeding from four quantitative cross-sections (c. 1325, 1475, 1540, 1570) lordships, conclusion is that remained stable late medieval Guelders. The central argument this persistence was an effect active collaboration between princely administrations, lords, and loca...

The jindai moji (神代文字—“characters of the Age Gods”) are pseudocharacters (疑字: “giji”) created in early modern period, which purport to be an ancient Japanese writing script. One most famous examples literature written is epic poem Hotsuma Tsutae, regarded as account development medieval mythology age. It includes tales evil lords known hatare (rendered 魔王 Kanbun), who bring chaos land and vanqu...

Pre-Confucian China Although there is evidence of advanced civilization in China in very ancient times, actual recorded history begins with the Shang dynasty, in the fourteenth century B.C.E. Available evidence indicates that this was an advanced civilization. For example, art from this period is quite sophisticated, even according to modern standards. This dynasty ended with the invasion by mo...

We report on the SUM project which applies automatic summarisation techniques to the legal domain. We pursue a methodology based on Teufel and Moens (2002) where sentences are classified according to their argumentative role. We describe some experiments with judgments of the House of Lords where we have performed automatic linguistic annotation of a small sample set in order to explore correla...

We consider the recent British government attempts to reform the House of Lords at Westminster. We show that failures to achieve decisive change are a product of a multi-dimensional ideological space on the issue of institutional reform. In conducting our analysis we note that despite W.O. Adyelotte’s pioneering efforts, roll call voting in the UK parliament remains woefully understudied. We pr...

Within a macroeconomic disequilibrium model it turns out that stationary and simple adaptive policies are not capable of stabilizing effkient steady states and lead to periodic or irregular fluctuations for large sets of policy parameters. The application of recent control methods for chaotic dynamical systems shows that the government can, in principle, stabilize an unstable Walrasian equilibr...

This article is a personal reflection on work as a physician with work as a member of the UK Parliament's House of Lords. Ethical thinking should underpin everything we do; the 'four principles' of medical ethics provide an applicable and relevant ethical framework. This article explores its application in both domains of work-as a clinician and as a legislator-with some examples of its use 'to...