The electric industry has gone through dramatic changes over the past two decades. The restructuring program begun in the early 1990s opened up the wholesale markets with numerous competitive generation companies transacting over open-access transmission systems. New entities called independent system operators (ISOs) and regional transmission organizations (RTOs) arose as wholesale market oper...

Onset of substorm due to unloading instability is proposed in this paper based on a kinetic M-I coupling model. Nonadiabatic motion of energetic ions in the near Earth plasma sheet can lead to an effective Hall conductivity in the plasma sheet similar to the Hall conductivity in the E-region ionosphere. Hall conductivity can lead to left-hand rotation of electric field with respect to the backg...

In this study, asset management strategies in power distribution systems are investigated chronologically based on short-term, mid-term and long-term time scales. New strategies and their interrelation and coincidence in different time scales are discussed. The central role of Information Technologies (IT) in asset management is emphasized with supportive examples.

In the presence ol electrical currents, the body behaves like an electrochemical system. On the other hand, due to anatomical reasons such as the presence of membranes, it generates potential differences between different parts of the body. Therefore, when one considers the possibility of electrical currents acting upon the body, the end result will be the integration of the intrinsic currents ...

Macroscopic mechanisms of applied current penetration in high-Tc superconductors are discussed to understand the basic physical trends, which are characteristic for the stable and unstable formation of the thermo-electrodynamics states of high-Tc superconductors placed in DC external magnetic field. The performed analysis shows that the definition of the current stability conditions of high-Tc ...