It has been suggested that empathy leads to altruistic rather than egoistic motivation to help. This hypothesis was tested by having subjects watch another female undergraduate receive electric shocks and then giving them a chance to help her by taking the remaining shocks themselves. In each of two experiments, subjects' level of empathic emotion (low versus high) and their ease of escape from...

Four experiments examined motivational effects of response-contingent electric shocks on action initiation. Although the shock was unambiguously aversive for the individual in line with subjective and functional criteria, results showed that the shock-producing action was initiated faster relative to a response producing no shock. However, no facilitation effect was found when strong shocks wer...

In this paper, a grounding capacitance multiplier is presented. This block is very important because he presents a better solution to resolve the problems occured by the integration of high capacitance value or the problem of tuning that value of the capacitance. We emphasize the fact that the presented applications are well suited for integration since their value can be tuned by simple action...

Electrocardiography has played an important role in the detection and characterization of heart function, both in normal and abnormal states. In this paper we present an inhomogeneous, anisotropic computer model of the human thorax for use in electrocardiography with emphasis on the calculation of transthoracic potential and current distributions. Knowledge of the current pathways in the thorax...