Many physiological and synthetic agents act by occluding the ion conduction pore of ion channels. A hallmark of charged blockers is that their apparent affinity for the pore usually varies with membrane voltage. Two models have been proposed to explain this voltage sensitivity. One model assumes that the charged blocker itself directly senses the transmembrane electric field, i.e., that blocker...

Electric motors with metal graphite brushes experience a change in contact resistance depending on current load. This varying resistance leads to varying gain in the motor, since the proportion of power dissipated due to the resistance changes. This investigation is concerned with a servomechanism, which uses such motors for position and force control. Force control with electric motors is typi...

In this paper we present a speech-recognizer-based maximum-likelihood beamforming technique, that can be used both for signal enhancement and speaker separation. The presented techniques uses an HMM-based speech recognizer as a statistical model for the target signal to be enhanced or separated. The parameters of a filter-and-sum array processor are estimated to maximize the likelihood of the o...

To reduce the cost of storing, processing and visualizing a large-scale point cloud, we propose a randomized resampling strategy that selects a representative subset of points while preserving application-dependent features. The strategy is based on graphs, which can represent underlying surfaces and lend themselves well to efficient computation. We use a general feature-extraction operator to ...

In this Letter, we demonstrate the experimental mapping of the longitudinal magnetic and electric optical fields with a standard scanning microscope that involves a high-numerical-aperture far-field objective. The imaging concept relies upon the insertion of an azimuthal or a radial polarizer within the detection path of the microscope that acts as an optical electromagnetic filter aimed at tra...

This paper presents look-ahead energy management system for a grid-connected residential photovoltaic (PV) system with battery under critical peak pricing for electricity, enabling effective and proactive participation of consumers in the Smart Grid’s demand response. In the proposed system, the PV is the primary energy source with the battery for storing (or retrieving) excessive (or stored) e...

In this paper, a new method is proposed for improving the fundamental extraction by wavelet transform. This method uses the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), FIR filter and inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT). In the proposed method, frequency interference is allowed to occur at the extracted frequency bands by DWT. DWT output signal is filtered by FIR then the IDWT is used to reconstruct...

The electropermeabilization of biological cell membranes by the application of an external field occurs whenever an applied field exceeds a threshold value. For fields above this threshold value but less than another critical value, the pores formed in the membrane are transient or reversible. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of these transient pores. Here we examine the ...

An overview of state-of-the-art frequency tunable technologies in the realization of tunable radio frequency (RF) and microwave tunable circuits is presented with focus on filter designs. Those enabling techniques and materials include semiconductors, microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS), ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials. Various performance indicators of one-dimensional tunable filt...

Bastian, Joseph. Modulation of calcium-dependent postsynapthe presence of objects near the fish (electrolocation) as well tic depression contributes to an adaptive sensory filter. J. Neuroas changes caused by signals generated by other electric fish physiol. 80: 3352–3355, 1998. The ability of organisms to ig(electrocommunication) (Bullock and Heiligenberg 1986). nore unimportant patterns of se...