The Braze Feedback Loop (BFL) is a large, multiprogram project with the goal of supporting concurrmt engineering during product development. This system is primarily intended for use during detailed product and process design, where the initial design of both the product and process have been completed and the lust hardware is being made with the wocess as designed. As an informational feedback...

Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and energy band gap of potassium lithium borate glasses of different composition have been studied using Fourier FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy techniques. The glasses were melted in the alumina crucible in an electric furnace at 1100°C for 30 min until homogenous melt was obtained. The X-ray diffraction analysis was adopted for confirming the amorphous nature o...

The spectra were recorded by a FTIR spectrometer (Brucker Equinox 55) with a MCT detector at an optical resolution of 2 cm-1 and 2 level zero-filling. For the accelerated ageing tests the quartz reaction chamber with ZnSe optic windows was placed in the sample compartment of the spectrometer. The chamber was equipped with an electric furnace enabling heating in the broad temperature range (to 9...

This paper will define the slag compositions required to obtain and control optimum foamy slag conditions in the Electric Furnace. In defining the optimal slags, consideration is given to the effects of scrap quality, carbon injection, slag basicity and MgO content. A computer model based on published phase-diagrams has been developed which graphically maps the chemistries for optimal foaming c...

Lauha Bhasma is the most widely used bhasma preparation in therapeutics, but till date the temperature pattern to prepare Lauha Bhasma in electric muffle furnace is not fixed. So in this pilot study an attempt has been made to confirm the appropriate temperature pattern to prepare Lauha Bhasma. And emphasis has been given to evaluate this prepared Lauha Bhasma on classical analytical parameter,...

................................................................................................................... IV APPENDED PAPERS .................................................................................................... VI RELATED PUBLICATIONS........................................................................................ VII TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................

Annealing furnaces are used to heat steel in order to change its chemical structure. In this paper we model an electric radiant furnace. One of the major defects in steel strips processed in such furnaces is a wave-like pattern near the edges of the strip, apparently due to extra heating near the edges. The aim of the paper is to model this effect and provide a way to calculate the elevated tem...

The chapter covers general issues related to power quality in Electric Arc Furnaces. The use of electric arc furnaces (EAF) for steelmaking has grown dramatically in the last decade. Of the steel made today 36% is produced by the electric arc furnace route and this share will increase to 50 by 2030. The electric arc furnaces are used for melting and refining metals, mainly iron in the steel pro...

An ABB SVC Light® rated at 13.2 kV, 0-64 Mvar (capacitive) has been installed at the Gerdau plant in Charlotte, N.C., USA operating an electric arc furnace (EAF) with continuous charging for scrap-based steel production. The EAF, rated at 30/33 MVA, as well as a ladle furnace (LF) rated at 18 MVA are taking their power from a 100 kV supply grid. The fast control of SVC Light will improve the po...