Advanced meditators occasionally report experiences of timelessness, or states of awareness that seem to transcend the usual boundaries of the subjective present. This type of experience was investigated in eight experienced meditators and eight matched controls by measuring 32 channels of EEG before, during, and after exposure to unpredictable light and sound stimuli. The experiment postulated...

T HE CHARACTERISTICS of the electrocardiographic tracing are determined by three independent variables. The first of these involves the potentials generated by the myocardium during depolarization and repolarization. These potentials can be altered by a wide variety of physiologic states, as well as by intrinsic disease of the myocardium. The second factor relates to the properties of the extra...

Interdigitated microelectrodes have found wide applications in manipulating and/or separating biological particles due to their simple structure and easy implementation. Particle behaviors in such interdigitated microelectrode devices are affected by a number of factors, including particle size, electrical potential, chamber geometry and dielectric properties. This paper presents systematical s...

We use scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) to investigate the properties of internal p-n junctions in ambipolar carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors. Our SPCM images show strong signals near metal contacts whose polarity and positions change depending on the gate bias. SPCM images analyzed in conjunction with the overall conductance also indicate the existence and gate-dependent evolution of i...

The theoretical and computational study of the electromagnetic forward and inverse problems in ellipsoidal geometry is important in electrogastrography because the geometry of the human stomach can be well approximated using this idealized body. Moreover, the anisotropies inherent to this organ can be highlighted by the characteristics of the electric potential associated with current dipoles i...

This paper presents an optimal control-based inverse method used to determine the distribution of the electrodes for the electroosmotic micromixers with external driven flow from the inlet. Based on the optimal control method, one Dirichlet boundary control problem is constructed to inversely find the optimal distribution of the electrodes on the sidewalls of electroosmotic micromixers and achi...

An electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge or electrical potential difference. There are many different types, ranging from historical hand-made mechanical instruments to high-precision electronic devices. Modern electrometers based on vacuum tube or solid state technology can be used to make voltage and charge measurements with very low leakage currents, down to ...

For polar/nonpolar heterostructures, Maxwell's theory dictates that the electric potential in the polar components will increase divergently with the film thickness. For LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃, a conceptually intriguing route, termed charge reconstruction, has been proposed to avert such "polar catastrophe". The existence of a polar potential in LaAlO₃ is a prerequisite for the validity of the charge re...

In this review, the concept, design, performance, and a functional demonstration of multifunctional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors dedicated to on-chip biosensing applications are described. We developed a sensor architecture that allows flexible configuration of a sensing pixel array consisting of optical and electric sensing pixels, and designed multifunctional C...

An exact expression of the transmission probability through a finite graphene superlattice with an arbitrary number of potential barriers n is derived in two cases of the periodic potential: rectangular electric potential and δ-function magnetic potential. Obtained transmission probabilities show two types of resonance energy: barrier-induced resonance energies unchanged as n varies and well-in...