Retraction and regrowth of frog neural tube neurites have been studied in vitro in control cultures and in the presence of a small, continuously applied electrical field. In control cultures, some degree of retraction was seen in 39% of neurites while 7% were reabsorbed completely. Reabsorption of anodal-facing neurites was at least twice as common, with 67% showing some retraction and 17% almo...

the wiener polarity index wp(g) of a molecular graph g of order n is the number ofunordered pairs of vertices u, v of g such that the distance d(u,v) between u and v is 3. in anearlier paper, some extremal properties of this graph invariant in the class of catacondensedhexagonal systems and fullerene graphs were investigated. in this paper, some new bounds forthis graph invariant are presented....

We describe a biasing scheme for single-photon detectors based on superconducting tunnel junctions. It replaces a single detector junction with a circuit of three junctions and achieves biasing of a detector junction at subgap currents without the use of an external magnetic field. The biasing occurs through the nonlinear interaction of the three junctions, which we demonstrate through numerica...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, modulates neuronal excitability by the application of a small electrical current. The low cost and ease of the technique has driven interest in potential clinical applications. However, outcomes are highly sensitive to stimulation parameters, leading to difficulty maximizing the technique's effectiveness...

Numerous studies have examined the switching properties of semi- or ion-conductors and isolators; however, most of these have focused on the ohmic resistance characteristics. Here, we report a new type of polarity-dependent switching phenomenon obtained for electrical devices with the configuration: metal working electrode│Si0.97Al0.03H0.03P2O7-polytetrafluoroethylene composite electrolyte│Pt/C...

The photon drag effect of a 2D electron gas is measured using the ps infrared pulses of the wavelength-tunable free electron laser source FELIX. The pulsed photon drag response is found to depend critically on the coupling characteristics of the electrical circuit. We therefore developed an impedance and velocity matched photon drag detector. It consists of a GaAs/ AlGaAs multi quantum well sam...

A newly developed system for the control and readout of the BELLE silicon vertex detector (SVD) is described. The system is designed to meet the mechanical, electrical, and thermal requirements imposed by the BELLE detector. Its primary purpose is the ampli"cation of analog signals from the VA1 front-end integrated circuits, which are used to read the silicon-strip detectors. It also provides a...

We briefly explain the fundamentals of detector nonlinearity applicable to both electrical and optical nonlinearity measurements. We specifically discuss the attenuation method for optical nonlinearity measurement that the NIST system is based upon, and we review the possible sources of nonlinearity inherent to thermal detectors used with high-power lasers. We also describe, in detail, the NIST...

There is interest in improving the detectors used to capture images in transmission electron microscopy. Detectors with an improved modulation transfer function at high spatial frequencies allow for higher resolution in images at lower magnification, which leads to an increased effective field of view. Detectors with improved detective quantum efficiency are important for low dose applications....