This paper comprises the text of a review lecture on the subject of the effects of ultrasound upon mass transport, upon electrode surface phenomena, upon the behaviour of species and upon reaction mechanisms, and selected examples of the benefits of insonation in electroanalysis, electrosynthesis, electrodeposition and electrochemiluminescence are discussed.

Low-frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues, characterized by αand β-dispersions, are reviewed with emphasis on physical mechanisms. Ion activities, tissue microstructure and composition are discussed. A new mechanism associated with membrane permeability is included. The counterion layer (electrical double layer) phenomenon is discussed. Electrode polarization, which always cause...

This paper proposes a Micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) capacitive pressure sensor that relies on the movable electrode displaced like a flat plate equal to the maximum center deflection of diaphragm. The diaphragm, movable electrode and mechanical coupling are made of polysilicon, gold and Si3N4, respectively. The fixed electrode is gold and the substrate is Pyrex glass. This proposed method inc...

A carbon nanocomposite electrode has been designed by incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclayinto the carbon ionic liquid electrode for the electrochemical determination of amitriptiline . The surface ofthe proposed electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of ionic liquid asa binder is believed to be responsible for the electrocatalytic activity of the propose...

We used an effective electrochemical sensor for the determination of imipramine at pH 7.2 using a carbon nanocomposite electrode. The electrode has been designed by incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay into the carbon ionic liquid electrode. The high sensitivity of 1.714 μA (μM)-1, two linear calibration ranges of 0.1–2 μM and 2-40 μM, and detection limit of 19 nM were achieved. The relati...

Electroosmosis is one of the most used actuation mechanisms for microfluidics in current active lab-on-chip devices. It generated on induced charged microchannel walls contact with an electrolyte solution. Electrode distribution plays key role providing external electric field electroosmosis, and determines performance electroosmotic microfluidics. Therefore, this paper proposes a topology opti...

A simple thermodynamic theory of the equilibrium potentials of membrane electrodes is formulated and applied to the glass electrode for measurement of pH. The new formulation assumes the selective adsorption or binding of specific ions on the surface of the membrane which may or may not be permeable to the ion, and includes the conventional derivation based on reversible ion transport across me...