Electric events inside the human body cause potential differences on the skin. Surface electrodes can be used to measure these voltages. A surface electrode is in fact an electrochemical transducer. It converts the potential differences due to ion flows inside the human body into a measurable voltage. The measurement of bioelectric events is exposed to various sources of noise. The reactions th...

Extracellular neural recording, with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs), is a powerful method used to study neural function at the network level. However, in a high density array, it can be costly and time consuming to integrate the active circuit with the expensive electrodes. In this paper, we present a 4 mm × 4 mm neural recording integrated circuit (IC) chip, utilizing IBM C4 bumps as recording ...

This thesis presents new methods for classifying and tracking the signals of targets that produce clusters of observations, measured in successive recording intervals or scans. This multitarget tracking problem arises, for instance, in extracellular neural recordings, in which an electrode is inserted into the brain to detect the spikes of individual neurons. Since multiple active neurons may l...

This paper reports the success of amino-functionalization on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to promote neuronal cells growth on MWCNT electrode for extracellular recording, attributed to the formation of positive charge of NH(2) molecules on their surfaces. Besides, the surface of MWCNT electrode becomes hydrophilic after amino-functionalization (AF-MWCNTs) which can enhance electrical ...

Electroretinographic (ERG) investigations are conventionally performed by using corneal or conjunctival recording electrodes. Both types have to be placed in contact with the eye, resulting invasive and providing discomfort for the patient. This paper presents a simple technique to detect ERG potentials non-invasively. It relies on the use of a conducting liquid between the eye and an external ...

PURPOSE To validate a new fiber electrode prototype for clinical electroretinography (ERG). METHODS A recently developed prototype of a disposable reference-coupled fiber electrode (patent pending Brazilian Institute of Industrial Property # PI0602186-7), including one fiber for corneal signals and a second fiber acting as reference was tested in a group of 20 healthy volunteers (17-31 years;...

Objective: The aims of this study were: (1) To investigate the correlation between electrophysiological changes during cochlear implantation and postoperative hearing loss, and (2) to detect the time points that electrophysiological changes occur during cochlear implantation. Material and Methods: Extra- and intracochlear electrocochleography (ECoG) were used to detect electrophysiological chan...

Background Simultaneous EEG-fMRI (Electroencephalography-functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) recording offers high temporal resolution electrophysiological recording and high spatial resolution hemodynamic recording from the same experimental runs. Carbon wire electrodes (but not solid electrodes with carbon leads) are suitable for simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording, especially in high field MR...

A low-noise and -power readout integrated circuit (IC) for two-electrode electrocardiogram (ECG) recording is developed in this study using a common-mode charge pump (CMCP) robust 20-VPP interference (CMI). Two-electrode ECG offers more comfort than three-electrode recording. Contrasting to the recording, affected by CMI during measurements; intervention of large will distort signal measurement...

The cochlear microphonic (CM) may play an important role in the diagnosis of auditory neuropathy (AN) in newborns. However, since the CM tends to mirror the waveform of the acoustic stimulus, conscientious recording methodology must be applied to separate true response from artifact. The difficulty in achieving this separation has limited the clinical usefulness of the CM. In an effort to call ...