The electrolyte is an indispensable component in all electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices with batteries being a prime example. While most research efforts have been pursued on the materials side, the progress for the electrolyte is slow due to the decomposition of salts and solvents at low potentials, not to mention their complicated interactions with the electrode materials. ...

BACKGROUND Polyethylene glycol is commonly used to manage constipation and is available with or without electrolytes. The addition of electrolytes dates back to its initial development as lavage solutions in preparation for gastrointestinal interventions. The clinical utility of the addition of electrolytes to polyethylene glycol for the management of constipation is not established. The object...

Chromosomal imbalances are the major cause of mental retardation (MR). Many of these imbalances are caused by submicroscopic deletions or duplications not detected by conventional cytogenetic methods. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is considered to be superior for the investigation of chromosomal aberrations in children with MR, and has been demonstrated to impro...

BACKGROUND Bayesian hierarchical models have been proposed to combine evidence from different types of study designs. However, when combining evidence from randomised and non-randomised controlled studies, imbalances in patient characteristics between study arms may bias the results. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a proposed Bayesian approach to adjust for imbalanc...

This review highlights the role played by mechanical imbalances in the pathogenesis of fragility fractures of the femur and vertebrae. Particular attention is paid to vertebral fractures, and the consequences arising from mechanical imbalances are analyzed and evaluated to determine how much they contribute to worsening vertebral deformity and creating a domino effect.

In OFDM systems, in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) imbalances generated in the analog front-end introduce interchannel interference and, consequently, error performance degradation. This paper provides an exact expression involving the twodimensional (2-D) Gaussian Q-function for the error probability of an arbitrary 2-D modulated OFDM signal with I/Q imbalances in frequency-flat Rayleigh fading ch...

We introduce two measures of imbalance, the team imbalance, and the field imbalance, in a tournament design. In addition to an exhaustive study of imbalances in tournament designs with up to eight teams, we present some bounds on the imbalances, as well as recursive constructions for homogeneous tournaments.

Metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are sufficiently active in Co(II)/Co(III) electrolytes but are not satisfactory in the most commonly used iodide/triiodide (I(-)/I3 (-)) electrolytes. Thus, developing active and stable metal-free electrocatalysts in both electrolytes is one of the most important issues in DSSC research. We report the synthesis of e...

Necrosis of the skin was produced by the injection of measured quantities of electrolytes and of amino compounds into the dermis, and the relative ability of these substances to produce it was determined. Inflammation characterized by edema and accumulation of leucocytes accompanied necrosis. The ability of electrolytes to produce necrosis was found to increase with the valence of their basic i...

Bruegel, the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, and the Peterson Institute for International Economics held a joint workshop in Washington on February 8 and 9, 2007, on how to achieve an orderly reduction in global imbalances. Thirty of the world’s leading experts presented analyses and evaluations of the requirements for such an adjustment. The discussions centered on two sets ...