Ductile iron is one of the most important engineering materials, in view of its excellent castability, signifi cantly better mechanical properties and low cost [1, 2]. It represents the fastest growing segment of the iron market. In the medium term, it is to be expected that the market share of nodular iron will level off at 40 % to 45 % [3]. Achieving the full potential of ductile iron require...

The recycling of electronic scrap is an important subject not only from environmental aspect but also for recovering metal resources such as copper. In this work, the microbial extraction copper and other metals (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe Al) present in depopulated shredded printed circuit board (PCB) elaborated. Bacterial strains A. ferrooxidans, thiooxidans a fungal strain, niger are used along with PCB...

In this work we introduce research on information scraps, or the unorganized pieces of personal information that commonly end up in our notebooks, spare pieces of paper, free text files, or e-mail. We perform an ethnographic study investigating patterns surrounding these scraps, uncovering patterns in use, content and needs. We conclude with a description of our prototype system Jourknow, inten...

This paper describes a cost and productivity learning process that was carried out on a large-capacity CIMOS manufacturing line at the IBIM Burlington facility from 1991 to 1993. Major productivity gains were realized through process and tool improvements affecting yield, and through work-in-progress optimization and scrap reduction. Significant cost learning was also accomplished through tool ...

The oxygen steelmaking process rapidly refines a charge of molten pig iron and ambient scrap into steel of a desired carbon and temperature using high purity oxygen. Steel is made in discrete batches called heats. The furnace or converter is a barrel shaped, open topped, refractory lined vessel that can rotate on a horizontal trunnion axis. The basic operational steps of the process (BOF) are s...

Thick-section composites are commonly used in fixed-wing and rotary-wing fatigue-critical, flightcritical components and structure. Manufacturing imperfections in thick composite structures, such as fiber waviness and porosity/voids, remain a serious problem that leads to significant component scrap rates in production. Such defects usually result in degraded strength and fatigue performance [1...

This paper examines the copper recycling chain - from scrap generation through to metallurgical recovery in search for current challenges and technological opportunities improvement. We provide an analysis of global flows, showing largely constant amounts recycled a rise importance complex end-of-life (EoL) compared less challenging manufacturing scrap. Source separation EoL as answer waste com...