We study the effects of different types concurrent elections using individual-level administrative and survey data from Italy. Exploiting voting ages for two Houses Parliament in a voter-level Regression Discontinuity Design, we find no effect Senate eligibility on voter turnout or information acquisition. also estimate city-level Differences-in-Differences showing that high-salience municipal ...

OBJECTIVE We aimed at summarising rates and factors associated with retention in HIV care prior to antiretroviral treatment (ART) eligibility in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN We conducted a systematic literature review (2002-2014). We searched Medline/Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, as well as proceedings of conferences. We included all original research studies published in peer-reviewed jou...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute treatments specifically for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are being sought in randomized controlled trials. The treatment effect sizes in ongoing and future trials are likely to be small, necessitating large sample sizes. METHODS We searched online trial registries for randomized controlled trials investigating an acute treatment for ICH. For the trials whose eli...

The patent-eligibility of plants has been unsettled at the European Patent Office for some 20 years. Article 53(b) EPC prohibits the patenting of plant varieties and essentially biological processes for the production of plants. When other requirements such as novelty and inventive step are met, this causes few problems for transgenic plants modified by biotechnological methods, but it has been...

In the Republic of Ireland, approximately 30 per cent of the population (‘medical card patients’) are entitled to free GP services. Eligibility is determined primarily on the basis of an income means test. The remaining 70 per cent of the population (‘private patients’) must pay the full cost of GP consultations. In July 2001, eligibility for a medical card was extended to all those over 70 yea...

The patent laws are in the U.S. Constitution dating back from 1790 to 1793 to promote, as articulated by one of the framers, Thomas Jefferson, and protect ‘any new and useful art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new or useful improvement thereof ’. Although the U.S. Congress in 1952 replaced the word ‘art’ with the word ‘process’, the Congress, as well as the courts, have...

Epilepsy surgery has benefited from major advances during the last 20 years, thanks to the development of neuroimaging and long-term video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. However, it remains the case that only a small minority of potential epilepsy surgery candidates will have access to a comprehensive presurgical evaluation. Furthermore, this subset of patients are operated on after ...

This paper proposes a multilevel modelling approach to the analysis of social segregation in schools. Using data on free school meal eligibility it shows that the underlying variation between schools for the period 1994–1999 has increased. It also shows that the change is greater for selective than non-selective local education authorities (LEAs). It is suggested that the approach of this paper...

Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), states can expand Medicaid eligibility for nonelderly adults with incomes up to 138 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL). As of May 2016, 19 states had not expanded Medicaid. Based on reported Medicaid and marketplace data, we estimate that in 2017, even without the Medicaid expansion, the major coverage provisions of the ACA will have reduced the numb...

If entitlement to UI bene…ts must be earned with employment, generous UI is an additional bene…t to an employment relationship, so it promotes job creation. If individuals are risk neutral, UI is fairly priced, and the UI system prevents moralhazard unemployed workers, the generosity of UI has no e¤ect on unemployment. As with Ricardian Equivalence, this result should be useful to pinpoint the ...