health sector can be directed to a great deal of improvements by formulation of proper policies. however, policy making in human resources, the most important resource, was not regarded as much necessary as the health sector. therefore, this study aimed to compare core stages of policy making in human resources for the health sector (hrh). such a research can be considered as an important step ...

We develop a model of oligarchy subject to elite competition. Even when all members of the elite share an economic interest in labor repression, competition for control of the state can drive a wedge between the incentives of old and new elites. Thus ‘the iron law of oligarchy’–that all elite members share an overriding interest in repressive institutions–can be bent in various ways. New elites...

We argue that the political effects of negativity bias are narrower than Hibbing et al. suggest. Negativity bias reliably predicts social, but not economic, conservatism, and its political effects often vary across levels of political engagement. Thus the role of negativity bias in broad ideological conflict depends on the strategic packaging of economic and social attitudes by political elites.