this research is carried out to design and manufacturing of lathe vibration tool and their tests. firstly, one-dimensional vibration tool is designed and made of the bending vibration mode. one-dimensional vibration tool with half piezoelectric rings is considered to excite the bending mode of tool. structure of vibration tool is designed in abaqus software about 20 khz and then is made with re...

What is the relation between metaphors and similes? Aristotle's "comparison theory" holds that metaphors are elliptical similes: "Sam is a pig" is simply a short form of "Sam is like a pig." In contrast, it has been suggested that metaphors cannot be elliptical similes because metaphors are "stronger" than similes. We know metaphors are stronger, it is argued, because of examples involving corr...

In this study, we derived analytic expressions for the elliptical truncated moment generating function (MGF), the zeroth-, first-, and second-order moments of quadratic forms of the multivariate normal, Student’s t, and generalised hyperbolic distributions. The resulting formulae were tested in a numerical application to calculate an analytic expression of the expected shortfall of quadratic po...

A growing body of observational evidence suggests that the luminosity, pho-tometric shape and amount of rotational or anisotropical support in elliptical galaxies may provide vital clues to how they formed. Elliptical galaxies appear to fall into two distinct categories based on these parameters: bright, boxy shaped, with little or no rotation, and less luminous, disky shaped with significant r...