Herbivory, mechanical injury or pathogen infestation to vegetative tissues can induce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) production, which can provide defensive functions to injured and uninjured plants. In our studies with 'McNeal' wheat, 'Otana' oat, and 'Harrington' barley, plants that were mechanically injured, attacked by either of two Oulema spp. (melanopus or cyanella) beetles, or infecte...

Genetic modifications of trees may provide many benefits, e.g. increase production, and mitigate climate change and herbivore impacts on forests. However, genetic modifications sometimes result in unintended effects on innate traits involved in plant-herbivore interactions. The importance of intentional changes in plant defence relative to unintentional changes and the natural variation among c...

In a moment when the study of outlier robustness within Extreme Learning Machine is still in its infancy, we propose a method that combines maximization of the hidden layer’s information transmission, through Batch Intrinsic Plasticity (BIP), with robust estimation of the output weights. This method named R-ELM/BIP generates a reliable solution in the presence of corrupted data with a good gene...

During an investigation of fungi from an elm tree infested with bark beetles in Korea, one isolate, DUCC401, was isolated from elm wood. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and 28S rDNA (large subunit) sequences, the isolate, DUCC401, was identified as Mariannaea samuelsii. Mycelia of the fungus grew faster on malt extract agar tha...

For many human machine interaction systems, techniques for continuously estimating the vigilance of operators are highly desirable to ensure work safety. Up to now, various signals are studied for vigilance analysis. Among them, electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most commonly used signal. In this paper, extreme learning machine (ELM) and its modifications with L1 norm and L2 norm penalties are ...

Corn flea beetles, Chaetocnema pulicaria, vector Erwinia stewartii (synamorph Pantoea stewartii), which causes Stewart’s bacterial wilt of corn (Zea mays) (10,11). Flea beetles introduce E. stewartii into plant tissues that are wounded during feeding. Movement of E. stewartii in the vascular system of resistant plants is restricted to within a few centimeters of flea beetle feeding wounds. The ...