Menopause, the permanent cessation of ovulation, occurs in humans well before the end of the expected lifespan, leading to an extensive post-reproductive period which remains a puzzle for evolutionary biologists. All human populations display this particularity; thus, it is difficult to empirically evaluate the conditions for its emergence. In this study, we used artificial neural networks to m...

Hypercapnia with hyperventilation during emergence from anesthesia has been shown to reduce emergence time, yet little is known about how the subsequent recovery in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) is affected. A mathematical model has been developed to investigate how inhaled anesthetic agents wash out of patients during recovery in order to demonstrate any difference that hypercapnia and ...