Target-site and non-target-site herbicide tolerance are caused by the prevention of herbicide binding to the target enzyme and the reduction to a nonlethal dose of herbicide reaching the target enzyme, respectively. There is little information on the molecular mechanisms involved in non-target-site herbicide tolerance, although it poses the greater threat in the evolution of herbicide-resistant...

The interaction between environment and genetic traits under selection is the basis of evolution. In this study, we have investigated the genetic basis of herbicide resistance in a highly characterized initially herbicide-susceptible Lolium rigidum population recurrently selected with low (below recommended label) doses of the herbicide diclofop-methyl. We report the variability in herbicide re...

Garlic mustard, an invasive exotic biennial herb, has been identified in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, but is not yet widely distributed. We tested the effectiveness and impact of management tools for garlic mustard in northern hardwood forests. Six treatment types (no treatment control, hand-pull, herbicide, hand-pull/herbicide, scorch, and hand-pull/scorch) were applied within a northern h...

field studies were conducted at lorestan, kermanshah and golestan provinces in 2006 to separately evaluation of clethodim herbicide for weedy grass control in soybean. all experiments were designed as randomized complete blocks with four replicates. treatments included: clethodim at 0.6, 0.8, 1, and 1.2 l/ha; cycloxydim at 3 l/ha; haloxyfop-r-methyl at 0.75 l/ha; quizalofop-p-ethyl at 2 l/ha; a...

Benzoximate (I; Fig. 1) is an acaricide developed by Nippon Soda in 1971 (Iwataki, 1992). However, scientifics of the company observed that some benzohydroxamates showed weak herbicidal activity. After much synthetic developments, a new lead compound, an ethoxyimino dehydroacetic acid derivative (II; Fig. 1), showed a strong pre-emergence herbicidal activity against annual grass weed without an...

BACKGROUND A simulation model is used to explore the influence of biological, ecological, genetic and operational (management) factors on the probability and rate of glyphosate resistance in model weed species. RESULTS Glyphosate use for weed control prior to crop emergence is associated with low risks of resistance. These low risks can be further reduced by applying glyphosate in sequence wi...

Abstract Waterhemp has evolved resistance to seven herbicide modes of action in the United States and five Canada, which limits weed control options for producers. The objective this research was quantify level duration residual multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp with Group 15 herbicides (acetochlor, dimethenamid-p, flufenacet, pyroxasulfone, S -metolachlor) applied preemergence a non...

ABSTRACT Pre-emergence herbicides, such as indaziflam, have agronomic efficiency when available in the soil solution, mainly superficial layer (0-10 cm), region with highest concentration of weed seed bank. However, information about sorption indaziflam Brazilian soils still is scarce, since most studies literature were conducted temperate regions. The objective this study was to estimate using...

Herbicide resistant crops are commercially advantageous for efficient field productivity by enabling use of nonselective herbicides for weed management. Herbicide resistant trees could be used to improve productivity and reduce the costs of forest management through to the first and second years post tree establishment. We describe the introduction of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar...

Postemergence applications of nicosulfuron can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Variation among different responses to nicosulfuron may be attributed to differential rates of herbicide metabolism. We employed RNA-Seq analysis to compare transcriptome responses between nicosulfuron-treated and untreated in both tolerant and susceptible maize plants. A total of 71.8 m...