A natural experiment, unintentionally conducted by the price subsidy program Lifeline Assistance, underpins our innovative strategy to estimate consumer demand for communications services. Using a national household panel containing demographic and billing information, we estimate own and cross elasticities of demand for fixed and mobile services and find moderate substitution between the two. ...

In this paper we imagine that one day soon, mass crisis events will result in thousands of people trying to get emergency help multiple via multiple mediums. Public Access Service Points and 911 Centers will not be able to meet the demand of text-message calls for help during a large scale disaster. While 911 dispatchers will need to respond directly to each individual text message, we present ...

The optimal planning of grid-connected microgrids (MGs) has been extensively studied in recent years. While most the previous studies have used fixed or time-of-use (TOU) prices for sizing MGs, this work introduces real-time pricing (RTP) implementing a demand response (DR) program according to national grid Iran. In addition long-term MG, day-ahead operation MG is also analyzed get better unde...

Under the smart grid environment, demand response resources (DRRs) are introduced as a virtual power plant to enhance power system adequacy. DRRs often fail to reduce their load due to some external factors. In this paper, a reliability model of a DRR is constructed as multi-state conventional generation units, where the probability, frequency of occurrence, and departure rate of each state can...

Demand for hospital inpatient care varies in a consistent way. However, a part of this variability is unpredictable. Hospitals react to this situation by holding standby capacity in order to be prepared to meet unanticipated surges in demand. This paper examines the production responses to unexpected hospital demand on a sample of Greek public hospitals over the period 2001-2005. The hospital o...