Unlike other mineralized tissues, mature dental enamel is primarily (> 95% by weight) composed of apatitic crystals and has a unique hierarchical structure. Due to its high mineral content and organized structure, enamel has exceptional functional properties and is the hardest substance in the human body. Enamel formation (amelogenesis) is the result of highly orchestrated extracellular process...

The aim of this in vitro study was to to evaluate the impact of finishing procedures on the enamel adjacent to composite restorations and to assess if the resistance of the enamel-resin junction to leakage is affected by the use of these instruments. The surfaces of enamel at the joint with composite were observed by scanning electron microscopy, then the microleakages at the enamel margin was ...

Enamel is the strongest tissue in the body. It is not only hard (resistant to permanent surface deformation), but tough (resistant to crack propagation and brittle fracture). Its durability means that enamel can potentially be preserved, unaltered, for literally millions of years. Moreover, because it is not remodeled during life, enamel is unique among mammalian tissues in that it preserves a ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Hypomineralization of molars and incisors (molarincisor hypomineralization--MIH) is defined as enamel hypomineralization of systemic origin of one or more of the four first permanent molars, which may be associated with changes in the maxillary, and less frequently in the permanent mandibular in cisors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mineral content in hypomineraliz...

Background and objective:FAM20A gene mutations result in enamel renal syndrome (ERS) associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), nephrocalcinosis, gingival fibromatosis, and impaired tooth eruption. FAM20A would control the phosphorylation of enamel peptides and thus enamel mineralization. Here, we characterized the structure and chemical composition of unerupted tooth enamel from ERS patient...

Dental enamel development occurs in stages. The ameloblast cell layer is adjacent to, and is responsible for, enamel formation. When rodent pre-ameloblasts become tall columnar secretory-stage ameloblasts, they secrete enamel matrix proteins, and the ameloblasts start moving in rows that slide by one another. This movement is necessary to form the characteristic decussating enamel prism pattern...

Healthy dental enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized human tissue. Though acellular, nonvital, and without capacity for turnover or repair, it can nevertheless last a lifetime. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collective term for failure of normal enamel development, covering diverse clinical phenotypes that typically show Mendelian inheritance patterns. One subset, known as hypoma...

There is no topically applicable low concentration fluoride delivery device available for caries prevention. This study was aimed to assess the use of a low concentration (1450 ppm) fluoride strip as an effective fluoride delivery system against enamel demineralization. The enamel surface composition and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite or toothpaste treatments were investigated using X-ray pho...

This blind and randomized study tested in vitro, using validated protocols, the anticaries potential of an experimental fluoride mouthrinse. One-hundred enamel slabs, half sound and half with caries-like lesions (carious), all with known surface microhardness (SMH), were submitted to 3 treatment groups: A) a placebo mouthrinse (negative control); B) a positive control mouthrinse containing 0.05...

This in situ crossover and blind study was conducted to investigate the effect of professional acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application time on the subsequent inhibition of enamel demineralization. During 3 phases of 28 days each, 15 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks, which were subjected to 3 treatment groups: not treated (control) and pre-treated with AP...