Ascariasis is a helminthic infection of global distribution with more than 1.4 billion persons infected throughout the world. The majority of infections occur in the developing countries of Asia and Latin America. Of 4 million people infected in the United States, a large percentage are immigrants from developing countries. Ascaris-related clinical disease is restricted to subjects with heavy w...

Human population migration is a common phenomenon in developing countries. Four categories of migration-endemic to nonendemic areas, rural to urban areas, non-MDA areas to areas that achieved lymphatic filariasis (LF) control/elimination, and across borders-are relevant to LF elimination efforts. In many situations, migrants from endemic areas may not be able to establish active transmission fo...

A subadditive effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is possible because superinfection of one virus tends to inhibit infection of the other virus. However, studies have reported inconsistent findings, and two meta-analyses of studies from various countries (1998) and China (2005) reported a supraadditive effect for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. Thus, w...

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and endemic in certain areas of Central and South America. We report a case of a 62-year-old-man with a complex history of tuberculosis and imaging findings of a cerebral lesion and bilateral adrenal enlargement. Biopsy of adrenal gland revealed Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. This case highlights the i...

In tropical countries, specially in India, helminthic infection is endemic in many areas and in a large population the hookworm infection rate particularly is very high and reaches nearly a hundred per cent. In majority of cases the infection when mild lies dormant without pr?" ducing any clinical symptoms and are discover' ed only on microscopical examination of the stool. Such subclinical typ...

Female genital schistosomiasis is a significant risk factor for ectopic pregnancy and infertility in schistosomiasis-endemic areas. A case of one previous ectopic pregnancy and subsequent obstruction of the contralateral tube in a secondary subfertility patient with chronic genital schistosomiasis is presented, emphasizing the need for a detailed history and parasitic evaluation of patients pre...

Oesophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, and the sixth most common cause of death from cancer. From a worldwide perspective, one of the most striking features of oesophageal cancer is the extreme geographic variation in incidence. At a global level, a 20-fold difference is seen in offi cial statistics between high-risk and low risk areas (1). This difference becomes even m...

The dog parasite Dirofilaria immitis can infect humans. Patients with pulmonary dirofilariasis were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the surface protein of Wolbachia, the bacterial endosymbiont of D. immitis. These patients showed significantly higher IgG titers than healthy individuals from areas in which D. immitis was endemic as well as areas in which it was not endemic. ...