Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Carbon regulation is intended to reduce global emissions, but there is growing concern that such regulation may simply shift production to unregulated regions ...

The modeling of trading wars is now an actual and modern problem although the first works on optimization of the custom duties date back to the end of the 19th century. The problem of reducing the number of possible solutions to the conflict and precise identifying of the optimal strategies is important. Applying a mathematical model makes the problem more formal, allows removing political tens...

As economists have known since Adam Smith, free trade should benefit all nations by allowing them to take advantage of gains from specialization.1 Indeed, the benefits of trade are supposed to justify unilateral liberalization: as the late British economist Joan Robinson once remarked, if your trading partner throws rocks into his harbor, that is no reason to throw rocks into your own. While un...

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Introduction. The study is devoted to a comprehensive of the global trade system in conditions economic instability, particular, identification and analysis determinants deepening its asymmetries regional perspective. contains description peculiarities modern regulatory regime, including tariff non-tariff methods regulating cross-border key trends development.
 Aim tasks. purpose diagnose ...

In several African regions, economic integration has successfully reduced tariff protection by freezing the opportunity to raise applied tariffs against fellow partners above those promised. this paper, we examine whether regional commitments on continent have come at expense of adverse side-effects prevalence other - nontariff trade barriers. More specifically, not only amplified overhangs dif...

In February 2006 the Department of Health introduced a new home oxygen service with the aim of improving the assessment of patients on oxygen and allowing access to newer technologies such as ambulatory oxygen. Oxygen is provided following completion of a home oxygen order form and is allocated a predetermined tariff according to the delivery device and usage. In South East Essex there are curr...