conclusions endoscopic keel placement should be done with heavy suture through cricothyroid and thyrohyoid membranes. surgeons should suture the keel to the anterior laryngeal wall with specially designed lichtenberger’s needle-carriers to prevent complications such as keel aspiration, adhesion formation and imposing a second trip under general anesthetics, which put the patient at increased ri...

Background: Chronic diarrhea is a common problem in patients with symptoms related to gastro-intestinal tract. Some of these patients present with chronic non-bloody, watery diarrhea and no specific clinical, laboratory, or endoscopic findings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of histological findings in patients with chronic diarrhea who have normal or non-specific end...

Abstract Background Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is a rare emergency presentation for Parkinson's disease (PD) but an acknowledged complication of atypical rarer form PD called Multi system atrophy ( MSA). MSA neurodegenerative disorder comprising autononic failure, cerebellar ataxia and parkinsonism. An early occurence stridor can indicate shorten survival quality life remains uncertain. Air...

Gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs) are generally found during endoscopy and their incidence has gradually increased. Although the indications for the endoscopic treatment of patients with SETs remain to be established, the feasibility and safety of endoscopic dissection, including the advantages of this method compared with surgical treatment, have been validated in many studies. The ...