the most important physiological role of apelin as a novel adipokine is co- relation with insulin hormone. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks combined training on plasma apelin and insulin resistance index in overweight females. therefore, 40 non athlete and over weight female students (bmi, 25-30), were selected and divided randomly in two experimental and control...

Recently, Kon et al. (2014) published in this journal an interesting paper entitled “Effects of systemic hypoxia on human muscular adaptations to resistance exercise training “ which determined the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training (5 sets of 10 reps at 70% of 1 RM of free weight bench-press and bilateral leg-press using a weight-stack machine) under hypoxia (HRT, 14.4% O2) or normoxia, ...

Objective: Obesity is a medical problem that increases the risk of health problems like diabetes. Hormones secreting from fat tissue, Leptin, are correlated with body mass index. Leptin reduces the personchr('39')s appetite by acting on specific centers of their brain to reduce their urge to eat. And insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is essential for regulating carbohydrates and the ...

OBJECTIVE Age-associated insulin resistance may underlie the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in older adults. We examined a corollary hypothesis that obesity and level of chronic physical inactivity are the true causes for this ostensible effect of aging on insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared insulin sensitivity in 7 younger endurance-trained athletes, 12 older athl...

Background As humans age, there is a measurable loss of muscle mass that occurs. Termed sarcopenia, this condition not only results in a loss of muscle mass, but also results in a loss of muscular strength and endurance (Bales, 2002). Research has shown that resistance training decreases this loss of muscle mass and muscular strength (Doherty, 2003). However, in older populations, little eviden...

Resistance training helps contribute to sportsperformance and general health benefits. In particular, resistance is linked physiological adaptations causing increases in muscular strength, endurance, power, hypertrophy. These can be translated improvements sports performance. With this concept mind, performance coaches manipulate variables order optimize athletic help athletes achieve their goa...

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a sport-specific maximal 6-wk strength and conditioning program on critical velocity (CV), anaerobic running distance (ARD), and 5-km time-trial performance (TT). METHODS 16 moderately trained recreational endurance runners were tested for CV, ARD, and TT performances on 3 separate occasions (baseline, midstudy, and poststudy). DESIGN Participants were ...