Energy balance is the difference between energy consumed and total energy expended. Over a given period of time it expresses how much the body stores of fat, carbohydrate and protein will change. For the critically-ill patient, who characteristically exhibits raised energy expenditure and proteolysis of skeletal muscle, energy balance information is valuable because underfeeding or overfeeding ...

Objective: Polymorphic variations in humans are supposed to be responsible for inter individual differences in susceptibility to multifactorial disorders like obesity. Genetic variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R), agouti related protein (AGRP) and prboopiomelanocortin (POMC) are reported to be associated with obesity. Therefore we tried to see the association of these genes with ...

Calorie balance in man 83 efficiency at the rate of zoo kcal/day, it would last for about 5 months. The loss in body-weight by lactating women confirms that such utilization of reserves does, in fact, occur (Hytten & Thomson, 1961). But breast-feeding is becoming the exception rather than the rule in Western society and, if it is not removed by lactation or exercise, the surplus of fat may repr...

Several epidemiological studies have observed an inverse relationship between people's habitual frequency of eating and body weight, leading to the suggestion that a 'nibbling' meal pattern may help in the avoidance of obesity. A review of all pertinent studies shows that, although many fail to find any significant relationship, the relationship is consistently inverse in those that do observe ...

The search for new strategies and drugs to abate the current obesity epidemic has led to the intensification of research aimed at understanding the neuroendocrine control of appetite and energy expenditure. This intensified investigation of metabolic control has also included the study of how glial cells participate in this process. Glia, the most abundant cell type in the central nervous syste...

This article describes the interplay among energy intake, energy expenditure, and body energy stores and illustrates how an understanding of energy balance can help us develop strategies to reduce obesity. First, reducing obesity requires modifying both energy intake and energy expenditure, not simply focusing on either alone. Food restriction alone will not be effective in reducing obesity if ...

A recently published estimate of Earth’s global warming trend is 0.63 ± 0.28 W/m, as calculated from ocean heat content anomaly data spanning 1993–2008. This value is not representative of the recent (2003–2008) warming/cooling rate because of a “flattening” that occurred around 2001–2002. Using only 2003–2008 data from Argo floats, we find by four different algorithms that the recent trend ran...