The main objective of the cultivation energy crops is production renewable energy, substitution fossil resources, and a substantial contribution to supply. Thus, yield efficiency are most important criteria for assessment biomass-based chains. Maize crop with highest acreage in Germany because its high yields, but subject controversial debate possible detrimental effects on agro-ecosystems. Thi...

Environmental concerns and soaring energy prices have brought huge pressure of saving emission reduction to tissue paper mills. Electricity is one the main sources The production characteristics mills make it easy decrease cost by using time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariffs. This study investigates bi-objective energy-efficiency scheduling under tariffs, objectives which are makespan cost. Firs...

Since the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of the air conditioning system is dependent on the efficiency of the motor in addition to the performance of the refrigerant system. the motor efficiency can be viewed as a source of EER improvement. The amount of motor efficiency improvement obtainable is in turn dependent on the motor material characteristics and the motor size or volume which is usuall...

Energy efficiency improvements “rebound” when economic responses undercut their direct energy savings. I develop an analytic general equilibrium framework that allows improvements in energy efficiency to affect output prices and factor prices. I show that general equilibrium channels typically amplify rebound and make it more likely that improvements in efficiency end up increasing total energy...

This paper examines the role of energy efficiency in enhancing electric system reliability. In many states that have enacted utility restructuring legislation, and thus far in Congress, energy efficiency advocates have had trouble convincing legislators of the connection between end-use efficiency and system reliability, and thereby persuading them to include support for end-use efficiency prog...

Since mechanization is inevitable and isassociated with increase in productivity, there need to find the most appropriate tillage method crop production that minimizes energy consumption, enhance profitability reduce environmental damage from fossil fuel related emission. This research investigates use efficiency melon three methods (reduced, minimum maximum). Human power, machinery, diesel fue...