Microfabricated lab-on-a-chip devices employing a fully integrated electrochemical (EC) detection system have been developed and evaluated. Both capillary electrophoresis (CE) channels and all CE/EC electrodes were incorporated directly onto glass substrates via traditional microfabrication techniques, including photolithographic patterning, wet chemical etching, DC sputtering, and thermal wafe...

Weidan Ni 1,†, Lipeng Lu 1,†, Catherine Le Ribault 2,† and Jian Fang 1,3,*,† 1 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; [email protected] (W.N.); [email protected] (L.L.) 2 Laboratoire de Mécanique Des Fluides (LMFA), Ecole Centrale...

Innovation in a company’s design process is increasingly a matter of cooperation between the company and its customers. New Information and Communication Technology (ICT) possibilities such as electronic communication (EC) media generate even more opportunities for companies to collaborate with customers during the early stages of research and development. This exploratory study examined the de...

In this study, we newly classify services and service products in EC into four categories: Mass Services, Interactive Services, Supporting Services, and Professional Services. Five selected variables reflecting the characteristics of the services, and two factorized dimensions, (1) proportion of on-line services, and (2) need of on-line interaction, are utilized for the classification. In addit...

CONTEXT Data collected from two community family planning services are used to discuss the characteristics of users of emergency contraception (EC). OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of women attending for emergency contraception. DESIGN A descriptive survey design was used to collect data. Questionnaires were completed over a 4-week period. Data were analysed using SPSS. SETTI...

Like other forms of engineering, metabolic engineering requires knowledge of the components (the 'parts list') of the target system. Lack of such knowledge impairs both rational engineering design and diagnosis of the reasons for failures; it also poses problems for the related field of metabolic reconstruction, which uses a cell's parts list to recreate its metabolic activities in silico. Desp...

Abstract Stainless steels are used in a myriad of engineering applications, including construction, automobiles, and nuclear reactors. Developing accurate, predictive mechanistic models for corrosion electrochemical kinetics stainless has been topic research studies over many decades. Herein, we quantified the aqueous model austenitic Fe–18Cr–14Ni (wt%) alloy presence absence applied potential ...

Datasets are mathematical objects (e.g., point clouds, matrices, graphs, images, fields/functions) that have shape. This shape encodes important knowledge about the system under study. Topology is an area of mathematics provides diverse tools to characterize data objects. In this work, we study a specific tool known as Euler characteristic (EC). The EC general, low-dimensional, and interpretabl...

The findings presented here originally arose from the suggestion that the synthesis of dinucleoside polyphosphates (Np(n)N) may be a general process involving enzyme ligases catalyzing the transfer of a nucleotidyl moiety via nucleotidyl-containing intermediates, with release of pyrophosphate. Within this context, the characteristics of the following enzymes are presented. Firefly luciferase (E...