The previous chapter discussed the emergence of concerns for diminishing flows in rivers during the 1950s in the USA and the consequential evolution of the concept of environmental flows. Parallel developments occurred worldwide in the understanding of river ecosystems (see chapter 2) and the impacts of flow regulation on ecosystem components other than fish (chapter 4). Accordingly, the method...

Amino acids (AA) are important in poultry nutrition not only for protein deposition, but also for other metabolic functions; such as improving immune and gut functions. Although, some table values are available on amino acids requirement, AA requirements may vary due to changes in dietary composition and breeding selection. Thus amino acids requirements have remained an ongoing research topic. ...

Many optimization models exist for water management systems but there is a knowledge gap in linking bio-economic objectives with the optimum use of all water resources under conflicting demands. The efficient operation and management of a network of nodes comprising storages, canals, river reaches and irrigation districts under environmental flow constraints is very challenging. Minimization of...

this study aims at evaluating the completeness of the content of the ecological part in environmental impact assessments (eias) and environmental impact statements (eiss) on content review basis. the requirements of the ecological content as stated in the of five sets of thai’s eia guidelines, namely the specific guidelines for power plants, industrial projects, dams and harbors and the gene...

Daily evapotranspiration (ET) integration is essential to various applications of agricultural water planning and management, ecohydrology, energy balance studies. The constant reference evaporative fraction (EFr) temporal upscaling method has been proven be efficient in extrapolating instantaneous ET a daily timescale. Unlike methods, the direct calculation (DC) developed our previous study di...

The realization of physiologically-relevant advanced in vitro models is not just related to the reproduction of a three-dimensional multicellular architecture, but also to the maintenance of a cell culture environment in which parameters, such as temperature, pH, and hydrostatic pressure are finely controlled. Tunable and reproducible culture conditions are crucial for the study of environment-...

Time-dependent sensitivity techniques, which have been used in the past for standard reactor applications, have been adapted to calculate the impact of data uncertainties in radiotoxicity evaluations. The methodology has been applied to different strategies of radioactive waste management connected with the EFR and IFR reactor fuel cycles. Results are provided in terms of sensitivity coefficien...